Spiral-Vane Spring-Agitator Churn: Vanes That Snap Springs on the Bottom

Watson wanted "the lower stratum of the cream" kept "in brisk motion" while a dasher lifted the rest. Peter H. Watson of Rockford, Illinois, assignor to Nathaniel S. Wheeler of Painesville, Ohio, received US 5,573, dated 16 May 1848, for a churn with a rotary spiral dasher — flat vanes fixed between arms ninety degrees apart, so they twist into spirals — over "elastic vibrating agitators": a removable cross on the bottom carrying curved springs that the vanes press down and release. A tube in the lid lets air in and a tube in the side lets it out, kept circulating by the dasher. He set the churn obliquely on a frame to turn the winch. This rung counts the springs' snaps, then prints the vane spiders and the spring cross, twists flat vanes between them, and makes butter.