Stannic Chloride: Chlorine over Tin in Stoneware Retorts Kept above 114 °C (Townsend, US 877,261, 1908)

Chlorine burns into tin and forms stannic chloride, which boils at 114 °C. Townsend ran the chlorine through a row of heated retorts: the first ones distil the chloride off, the later ones soak up the chlorine and chloride the condensers miss. Result: stannic chloride, a colourless heavy liquid that fumes in air. Source: Townsend, US 877,261 (1908); properties from Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. 5 (1912). Not given: charge weights, chlorine rate. Picture drawn by Youblob.