Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with Bismuth and Titanium Oxides, 1350 °C (Masuyama 1972)

Masuyama, Matsuoka and Nishi found that adding a second oxide to zinc oxide and bismuth oxide changes the varistor a great deal. This is their Example 2 with titanium dioxide: 99.0 % zinc oxide, 0.5 % bismuth oxide and 0.5 % titanium dioxide by moles, sintered at 1350 °C. The disc measured a C-value of 8.2 at 1 mA and a nonlinearity exponent n of 6.4. Source: T. Masuyama, M. Matsuoka and T. Nishi (Matsushita), US 3,663,458 (1972), Example 2. Unknown: how the aluminium is sprayed on and what the silver paint is. The 10 g batch is our arithmetic. Picture: the patent's drawing.