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Alumina: Alum Precipitated with Water of Ammonia and Calcined, Ure 1839
Alum is the earth of clay, alumina, joined to sulphuric acid and potash. Andrew Ure (1839): drop a weak alum solution into water of ammonia and a bulky white earth falls; washed, it is pure alumina hydrate. Calcined hot, it gives up its water and leaves alumina. Strong ammonia stings the eyes and lungs: work in the open with goggles.
The picture: aluminium oxide on a watch glass.
中级
Three days
说明
1
1
Dissolve the alum
Dissolve the alum
Dissolve the alum in twenty times its weight of water (step 5).
此步骤所需材料：
明矾（钾明矾）500 克所需工具：
蒸馏水
等臂天平
大汤锅
玻璃搅拌棒2
2
Precipitate
Precipitate
Outdoors, drop the alum solution slowly into water of ammonia, stirring, until the ammonia is nearly but not quite used up (red litmus barely turns blue). A bulky white earth falls.
所需工具：
氨水 25-28 %
硼硅玻璃烧杯玻璃搅拌棒
石蕊试纸
化学防溅护目镜
橡胶手套3
3
Wash and dry
Wash and dry
Let it settle, pour off the liquid, and wash the earth several times with clean water on a cloth. Dry it.
所需工具：
布（过滤用）蒸馏水大汤锅化学防溅护目镜橡胶手套4
4
Calcine
Calcine
Pack the dry earth in a fireclay crucible and heat it in the furnace to about 1000 °C, checked with the pyrometer, for some hours. Cool, grind and keep the white alumina in a closed jar.
所需工具：
耐火黏土坩埚
木炭坩埚炉
木炭
高温计
坩埚钳
电焊手套
研钵与研杵
玻璃罐5
5
Earth from your alum
Earth from your alum
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