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Electric Arc Furnace: the Héroult Series-Arc Steel Furnace (Stansfield, 1914)
Héroult's steel furnace: a tilting hearth like an open-hearth furnace, lined with dolomite, with two carbon electrodes coming down through the roof. The current goes down one electrode, arcs into the slag, passes through the molten steel and arcs back up the other, so the heat goes straight into the metal.
Result: an electric steel furnace about 7 x 4 ft inside for a 3 ton charge, run at about 350 kW and 110 V.
Source: A. Stansfield, The Electric Furnace, 2nd ed. (1914), pp. 115-116, 214-216. Unknown: case and tilting gear details, electrode size. Picture: a drawn diagram (Fig. 93 is blank in the scan).
专家
Unknown
说明
1
1
Build the case and lining
Build the case and lining
Build the furnace in a steel case on a tilting mounting, about 7 x 4 ft inside, with charging doors at the ends. Line it with dolomite bricks and crushed dolomite; dolomite or magnesite on the hearth, which allows strongly basic slags. Ours: mild steel plate. Not given: the case and tilting gear, the bricks' making.
此步骤所需材料：
低碳钢板1 case
白云石（镁质石灰岩）1 lining and crushed dolomite
镁砖块1 hearth, if magnesite所需工具：
电弧焊机
泥抹子
未知尺寸2
2
Make the removable roof
Make the removable roof
Make the roof of silica brick, covered with steel plates and given eyes so it can be lifted off. Between the two electrode holes use bronze plates instead of steel, because steel there would raise the inductance of the AC circuit. Fit water jackets round each electrode hole for a close fit, so less heat escapes and the electrodes do not burn in the air. Ours: copper tube for the water jackets. Silica brick has no head here.
此步骤所需材料：
未知材料1 silica brick低碳钢板1 roof plates
青铜板1 plates between electrodes
铜管1 water jackets所需工具：
电弧焊机
台钻
水3
3
Hang the electrodes
Hang the electrodes
Use two vertical carbon electrodes, square in section. Carry each in a holder on an arm supported by the furnace itself, so its height does not change when the furnace tilts: four contact pieces round the electrode, drawn tight by a steel strap and a screw in the arm, with the cable bolted to them. Raise and lower each electrode separately, by a regulator controlled by the voltage between it and the metal. Not given: electrode size, the regulator's build.
此步骤所需材料：
碳电极2 electrodes
未知金属1 holders, arms, contact pieces所需工具：
台钻4
4
Melt and refine a charge
Melt and refine a charge
Charge steel scrap with some iron ore and lime. Keep each electrode a little above the slag, leaving room for its arc. Regulate the current by hand while the scrap melts, then switch to automatic; full power only after about an hour. Pour off the slag and make a second, then a third, with lime and a little sand and fluorspar, before the final additions. At La Praz this took about 350 kW at 110 V: 5 hours for 1.25 tons of low-carbon steel, 8 hours for 2.33 tons of high-carbon steel. Not given: the electric supply.
所需工具：
水材料
8- 1 roof plates占位符
- 1 lining and crushed dolomite占位符
- 1 hearth, if magnesite占位符
- 1 silica brick占位符
- 1 plates between electrodes占位符
- 1 water jackets占位符
- 2 electrodes占位符
- 1 holders, arms, contact pieces占位符
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