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Ethanol 95 %: Wine Distilled, Rectified and Dried over Potash
Strong alcohol is wine distilled again and again. Andrew Ure (1839): simple redistillation over a water bath takes it to a specific gravity of 0.825, still about 11 % water; to go further, distil it over dry carbonate of potash, which holds back water. Stop at 95 % by volume, a hydrometer reading of about 0.81 at 20 °C.
The picture: a copper still over a brick fireplace in the distillery of the Westphalian Open-Air Museum, Hagen.
高级
Two days
说明
1
1
Distil the wine
Distil the wine
Fill the alembic two thirds with wine and distil slowly through the cooled coil. Throw away the first small runnings (our choice). Collect until what comes over no longer tastes of spirit: these are the low wines.
此步骤所需材料：
葡萄酒10 升
水1 as required所需工具：
铜蒸馏器
冷凝器盘管
玻璃烧杯
灭火器2
2
Redistil over a water bath
Redistil over a water bath
Put the low wines in the retort, set it in a pot of water and heat the water, not the retort. Collect the spirit while the vapour stays under about 80 °C. Repeat until the hydrometer reads about 0.825, Ure's limit for plain redistillation.
所需工具：
玻璃曲颈瓶
大锅（下层，用于水浴）
电热板
实验室温度计冷凝器盘管
比重计灭火器3
3
Dry the potash
Dry the potash
Heat the potassium carbonate in a crucible until it is quite dry and let it cool covered.
此步骤所需材料：
碳酸钾（草木灰碱）200 克所需工具：
耐火黏土坩埚
木炭坩埚炉4
4
Distil over the potash
Distil over the potash
Stir the dry potash into the spirit in the retort; it takes up water and settles as a heavy lower layer. Distil again from the water bath and check each portion with the hydrometer.
所需工具：
玻璃曲颈瓶大锅（下层，用于水浴）电热板冷凝器盘管比重计
化学防溅护目镜灭火器5
5
Keep it at 95 %
Keep it at 95 %
Keep the portions that read about 0.811 at 20 °C (95 % by volume) and bottle them stoppered; strong alcohol draws water from the air.
所需工具：
比重计
带塞玻璃瓶6
6
Reading the hydrometer
Reading the hydrometer
正在加载 Jupyter 笔记本…
7
7
Limits
Limits
The redistillation, the 0.825 limit and the potash are Ure's; the quantities, the 80 °C guide and throwing away the first runnings are ours. Densities from Wikipedia. The vapour burns: no open flame near the receiver.
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