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Fructose: Invert Sugar Separated with Lime as Calcium Laevulosate
Fructose (laevulose) is the fruit sugar; ordinary sugar is fructose and glucose joined. Thorpe's Dictionary (1912) separates them: invert the sugar with acid, then stir lime into the ice-cold solution. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate, which hardly dissolves in ice water, while the glucose stays in solution. Carbon dioxide then frees the fructose. It melts at 95 °C and is sweeter than ordinary sugar.
The picture: our diagram.
中级
1–2 days
说明
1
1
Invert the sugar
Invert the sugar
Warm a sugar solution with a little mineral acid to split it into glucose and fructose (invert sugar). Ours: dilute sulphuric acid, as required.
此步骤所需材料：
白砂糖1 个所需工具：
稀硫酸
蒸馏水
不锈钢大锅
电热板
化学防溅护目镜
橡胶手套2
2
Remove the acid with baryta
Remove the acid with baryta
Neutralise the acid with baryta (ours: barium oxide) and filter off the barium sulphate. Make the invert sugar up to a 10 % solution.
所需工具：
氧化钡
pH 指示剂试纸
带颈玻璃漏斗
滤纸
等臂天平3
3
Lime it ice-cold
Lime it ice-cold
Ice-cold, add 6 g finely powdered slaked lime to every 100 cc and stir, with the vessel standing in ice water, until the milky liquid turns creamy. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate; the glucose stays dissolved.
此步骤所需材料：
熟石灰6 g per 100 ml所需工具：
耐热玻璃烧杯
碎冰
实验室温度计4
4
Filter and press
Filter and press
Filter through linen and press hard to get rid of most of the liquid.
所需工具：
亚麻布
织物螺旋压机5
5
Free the fructose with carbon dioxide
Free the fructose with carbon dioxide
Suspend the pressed mass in water and pass in carbon dioxide. Filter, then evaporate the solution under vacuum over sulphuric acid: anhydrous fructose remains.
所需工具：
二氧化碳气体蒸馏水带颈玻璃漏斗滤纸
真空泵
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