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Graduated Cylinders: Glass Tube on a Foot, Marked by Weighing Water
A graduated cylinder is a narrow glass tube standing on a foot, with a lip to pour and lines for volume; it measures more closely than a beaker. Guyton de Morveau introduced it in 1784. Close a straight tube flat, fuse a glass foot under it, pull a lip, anneal, then mark it by weighing in water.
The picture: graduated laboratory glassware engraved in 1895 (Alessandri): a litre flask, a graduated bottle and, on the right, a footed graduated cylinder with a lip.
高级
An hour per cylinder, plus annealing
说明
1
1
Close the bottom
Close the bottom
Cut a straight, even tube to length, close one end in the flame and press it flat on the marver.
此步骤所需材料：
玻璃管套件1 个所需工具：
金刚石划针
台式玻璃吹制喷灯
滚料板（玻璃成型用平铁板）
安全眼镜
耐热手套2
2
Fuse on a foot
Fuse on a foot
Melt a gather of rod, press it into a flat disc wider than the tube and, while both are hot, fuse it centred under the bottom so the cylinder stands.
此步骤所需材料：
硼硅玻璃棒1 个所需工具：
台式玻璃吹制喷灯滚料板（玻璃成型用平铁板）耐热手套3
3
Rim and lip
Rim and lip
Fire-polish and slightly flare the rim with the jacks and push out a small pouring lip.
所需工具：
台式玻璃吹制喷灯
Jacks（玻璃工钳）4
4
Anneal
Anneal
Anneal in the kiln at the glass's annealing temperature and cool slowly.
所需工具：
窑炉5
5
Graduate by weighing water
Graduate by weighing water
Stand the cylinder on the balance, add water a few grams at a time (1 g is about 1 mL near room temperature) and scratch a line at the bottom of the meniscus at each step with the diamond scriber. Number the main lines.
此步骤所需材料：
水0.5 升所需工具：
等臂天平金刚石划针
6 英寸数显卡尺6
6
Spacing of the marks
Spacing of the marks
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