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Hard Soap Boiled from Tallow and Soda Lye, Framed and Wire-Cut, Ure 1839
Hard soap is tallow boiled with caustic soda lye; potash would give soft soap. Andrew Ure (1839): run the lye through soda and quicklime, boil the tallow with weak lye, draw the spent lye off and boil again with stronger lye day by day, then ladle the soap into a frame and cut it with a brass wire into bars. Caustic lye burns skin and eyes: goggles and gloves.
The picture: a bar of hard soap.
中级
A week
说明
1
1
Run the lye
Run the lye
Fit a barrel with a perforated false bottom covered by cloth and a tap beneath, like Ure's vats. Put in a layer of quicklime, then alternate layers of ground soda ash and lime. Pour on water and draw off the clear caustic lye. Make some weak (hydrometer about 1.040) and some strong (up to 1.160).
此步骤所需材料：
碳酸钠（纯碱）2 公斤所需工具：
生石灰
木桶
布（过滤用）
水
比重计
金属桶
化学防溅护目镜
橡胶手套2
2
First boils
First boils
Melt the tallow in the cauldron, add weak lye and boil gently about 4 hours, stirring. Test on a knife blade: when the lye runs off the soapy paste at once, it has taken. Let it stand an hour and ladle off the spent lye beneath.
此步骤所需材料：
牛脂5 公斤所需工具：
大铸铁锅
薪柴
木桨
菜刀
汤勺
等臂天平化学防溅护目镜橡胶手套3
3
Stronger lyes
Stronger lyes
Repeat with fresh lye, a little stronger each day, drawing the spent lye off each time, until the paste stays firm on cooling.
所需工具：
大铸铁锅薪柴木桨汤勺比重计化学防溅护目镜橡胶手套4
4
Frame and cut
Frame and cut
Skim the pan and ladle the soap into a wooden frame. After two days take the frame off, cut the block into slabs with a brass wire, then the slabs into bars, and stand them to harden.
所需工具：
汤勺
皂模
细黄铜丝菜刀橡胶手套5
5
Soap from your tallow
Soap from your tallow
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