合作

艺术

美容与健康

工艺

文化与历史

娱乐

环境

食品与饮料

逆向工程

科学

体育

技术

可穿戴设备

Iron Ball Mill: Grüson Drum with a Stepped Die Ring and Two Screens (Richards, 1903)

Robert H. Richards · Public domain (published 1903)

创建者

Forge

3. 十一月 2026

Iron Ball Mill: Grüson Drum with a Stepped Die Ring and Two Screens (Richards, 1903)

The Grüson ball mill: a drum turning on a horizontal axis, charged with chilled iron or steel balls of mixed sizes. The balls grind the ore against each other and against a stepped die ring. The ground ore passes out through a coarse and a fine screen; the oversize is carried back in. Result: a mill for fine grinding of cement, fertiliser, clay and soft ores, wet or dry. Sizes from 0.66 m to 1.83 m across. Source: R. H. Richards, Ore Dressing, vol. I (1903), § 225, Figs. 172a-b and Table 149. Unknown: dimensions beyond the table, and the materials of the side plates, screens and shaft. Picture: Richards, Figs. 172a-b.

高级

Unknown

说明

Make the drum and the die ring

The drum is two side plates (b) joined round the edge by the die ring (a). The die ring is five perforated, spiral plates of chilled iron. Each plate laps the next, so they form steps: the balls drop from one step to the next, and the space under each step lets the oversize from the screens back in. Not given: the side-plate material, sizes, hole sizes.

此步骤所需材料：

铸铁件5 die plates, chilled iron

未知材料2 side plates

所需工具：

未知尺寸

活动扳手

Put the two screens round it

Outside the die ring, fit a coarse perforated screen (c) to take the wear. It is in five parts with spaces between them and has back-deflecting holes (g). Outside that, fit a fine gauze screen (d). At the end of each section of fine screen, fix a deflector or shovel (f). As the drum turns, it carries the oversize up and back into the grinding space. Not given: the screens' metal and mesh.

此步骤所需材料：

冲孔筛板1 coarse screen, 5 parts

编织筛网1 fine screen

未知材料5 deflectors

所需工具：

未知尺寸

活动扳手

Mount and house it

Carry the drum on a horizontal shaft in two bearings; the figures show them on masonry piers. Enclose the drum in a plate iron housing with a discharge spout (e) below, a feed hopper (h) at one end, a manhole (i) and a dust pipe (k) on top. Ours: steel sheet for the plate iron.

此步骤所需材料：

钢轴1 mill shaft

轴承座2 个

低碳钢板1 housing, spout, hopper

所需工具：

活动扳手

未知尺寸

Fit the drive

Drive the mill by gear and pinion. In the figure, the gear is on the mill shaft and the pinion on a countershaft that carries tight and loose pulleys. A belt from the line shaft runs on the pulleys: on the tight pulley the mill turns, on the loose pulley it stops.

此步骤所需材料：

大齿轮1 on the mill shaft

小齿轮1 个

钢轴1 countershaft

轴承座2 个

紧轮与松轮1 个

所需工具：

传动带

活动扳手

Charge the balls (size sets the charge)

Load chilled iron or steel balls in mixed sizes; mixed sizes grind better than one size. Size is the variable: No. 0 (0.660 m drum, 45 rev/min) takes 15 kg of 40 mm and 45 kg of 80 mm balls, 60 kg in all. No. 2 (1.330 m, 30 rev/min) takes 100 kg each of 100, 115 and 125 mm, 300 kg. No. 4 (1.830 m, 25 rev/min) takes 217 kg each of the same three sizes, 650 kg. The bigger the drum, the slower it turns and the heavier its charge.

此步骤所需材料：

研磨介质（钢球）300 kg for No. 2; 60 kg No. 0, 650 kg No. 4

所需工具：

工业平台秤

Grind

Feed the ore, egg-size, through the hopper and run the mill wet or dry. Power, and output per 24 hours: No. 0 takes 1/4 horse power and grinds 1,680 kg of copper ore to 15 mesh, or 840 kg of chrome iron ore to 130 mesh. No. 2 takes 2 1/2 to 3 horse power: 14,400 kg of brick bats to 20 mesh, or 1,920 kg of emery to 200 mesh. No. 4 takes 9 to 11 horse power: 12,720 kg of gold ores to 40 mesh, or 10,800 kg of chrome iron ore to 130 mesh. Wear: 1,345 kg of balls for 102,400 barrels of cement, about 0.139 lb a ton. The end plates last 18 months. Hard quartz ores wear the balls too much.

所需工具：

传动带