Iron Retort: a Mercury Flask with an Iron Tube Screwed In (Morfit, 1849)

A small iron retort for distilling dry substances that need a high heat. Campbell Morfit (1849) says all iron retorts should be of cast metal, but gives a simpler and cheaper one: an empty mercury flask with an iron gas tube or gun barrel screwed into the top, reaching nearly to the bottom, and another tube bent downwards (his Fig. 205). The retort is heated in a furnace. Flask size, tube sizes and how the side tube is joined are not given. Source: C. Morfit, Chemical and Pharmaceutic Manipulations (1849), pp. 241-242. Picture: Fig. 205.

初学者

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说明

Read Morfit

"A simpler and more economical apparatus is a mercury flask, Fig. 205, with an iron gas tube or gun barrel screwed into the top, and reaching nearly to the bottom, and another tube bent downwards. This arrangement, well fitted for distilling dry substances which require a high heat, may be modified by removing the centre pipe and inserting a screw plug, and thus be made well adapted to the distillation of mercury."

Screw in the centre tube

Take an empty mercury flask. Screw an iron tube into the top so that it reaches nearly to the bottom of the flask (Fig. 205). Ours: thick-walled steel pipe with threaded ends stands for the iron gas tube. Its bore and length are not given.

此步骤所需材料：

水银铁瓶1 个

钢管（厚壁、螺纹端）1 centre tube

所需工具：

管钳

Fit the bent side tube

Fit a second tube at the top of the flask, bent so it leads away to the receiver (Fig. 205). Morfit does not say how this tube is joined to the flask or how it is bent (unknown).

此步骤所需材料：

钢管（厚壁、螺纹端）1 side tube

未知连接器1 个

所需工具：

台虎钳

管钳

History and honest limits

Faraday (Chemical Manipulation, 1830) describes small iron retorts as bottles with an iron tube fitted by a ground joint, used mostly for distilling oxygen, and heated best by a coal or coke fire. Morfit heats all iron retorts in furnaces, greases them when not in use against rust, and keeps them stoppered. For mercury he takes out the centre pipe and puts in a screw plug. Not given: flask size, tube bore and length, how the side tube is joined and bent.