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Litmus Paper from Dye Lichen
Litmus is a blue dye from lichens that turns red in acid and back to blue in alkali. The lichen is ground with sodium carbonate and ammonia and stirred for about four weeks while it turns from red through purple to blue; alcohol then takes out the red orcein. Unsized paper soaked in the blue litmus and dried is litmus paper.
The picture: strips of litmus paper, blue at one end and turned red at the other.
中级
About four weeks
说明
1
1
Grind the lichen
Grind the lichen
Grind dry dye lichen in a mortar with a solution of washing soda and household ammonia, then put it in a crock (our quantities: 100 g lichen, 20 g washing soda, 0.5 L ammonia solution).
此步骤所需材料：
染色地衣（产地衣紫）100 克
洗涤碱20 克
家用氨水0.5 升所需工具：
研钵与研杵
发酵陶缸
等臂天平
橡胶手套
化学防溅护目镜2
2
Stir for four weeks
Stir for four weeks
Cover the crock and stir now and then. The colour goes from red to purple and finally blue in about four weeks.
所需工具：
发酵陶缸
玻璃搅拌棒3
3
Take out the orcein
Take out the orcein
Work the blue mass with alcohol and pour the alcohol off with the red orcein it dissolves, until it no longer runs red. The blue litmus stays.
此步骤所需材料：
乙醇——实验级，95 %0.3 升所需工具：
玻璃烧杯玻璃搅拌棒橡胶手套化学防溅护目镜4
4
Dye the paper
Dye the paper
Stir the litmus into water, let it settle and pour the clear blue off. Cut unsized filter paper into strips and soak them in it.
此步骤所需材料：
水0.5 升
滤纸10 张所需工具：
玻璃烧杯
剪刀5
5
Dry and store
Dry and store
Dry the strips on a rack away from acid or ammonia fumes, which would colour them, and keep them in a closed jar (our care).
所需工具：
晾干架
玻璃罐6
6
What the colour change tells you
What the colour change tells you
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