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Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired
Longquan celadon, made in Longquan, China, since the 10th century, is a thick jade-green glaze over a bisque-fired body. The glaze is three powders washed out of local materials: glaze stone, the ash of rice husk burnt together with limestone, and iron-rich Zijin clay. Fired in reduction between 900 and 1230 °C, the iron in the glaze turns blue-green.
Result: thick-glazed, jade-green celadon bowls.
Source: the video 'Longquan celadon' by Shanbai (2025), checked frame by frame against its captions. Not given: amounts, the glaze proportion, ageing times, how iron is taken out, firing times. Unknown: the clay body of the bowls; the video does not show it. Photo: Southern Song Longquan bowl, Royal Ontario Museum, by Daderot (CC0).
高级
several weeks
说明
1
1
Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl
Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl
The whole process in eight minutes, by Shanbai: preparing the three glaze materials, throwing and bisque firing the bowls, glazing, and the reduction firing.
2
2
Pound the glaze stone
Pound the glaze stone
Crush the glaze stone in a stone mortar with a foot-trodden pestle.
此步骤所需材料：
釉石1 as required所需工具：
脚踏碓3
3
Sieve and settle the stone
Sieve and settle the stone
Sieve the crushed stone and pound the coarse bits again. Stir the fine stone into water in a vat, sieve off the fine particles suspended in the water into another vat, and let them settle.
所需工具：
筛组（分级筛网）
水
带盖陶瓷储存罐
汤勺4
4
Burn rice husk with limestone
Burn rice husk with limestone
In a brick-edged bed outdoors, lay rice husk and limestone in alternate layers and burn them. Turn the materials several times during the firing so the husk burns completely.
此步骤所需材料：
稻谷壳1 as required
石灰岩块1 as required所需工具：
砖
铁锹5
5
Sieve and wash the ash
Sieve and wash the ash
Sieve the ash into a vat. Add water and ladle it through a fine sieve into a fresh vat. While this 'black glaze' settles, change the water and wash it several times.
所需工具：
筛组（分级筛网）带盖陶瓷储存罐水汤勺6
6
Mill and settle the Zijin clay
Mill and settle the Zijin clay
Grind the dry Zijin clay to powder in a stone hand mill. Mix it well with water, sieve it into a fresh vat and let the fine particles settle.
此步骤所需材料：
紫金土1 as required所需工具：
手摇石磨水筛组（分级筛网）带盖陶瓷储存罐7
7
Dewater in bags, then age
Dewater in bags, then age
Drain the water off each of the three vats without stirring up the settled powder. Scoop each paste into a cloth bag, lay the bags on a board and press them under a millstone. When they are dewatered to a certain degree, let them age for a while. Not given: how long. Ours: linen bags (as in the transcript).
所需工具：
汤勺
亚麻袋
手推石磨盘8
8
Throw the bowls
Throw the bowls
Throw the bowls on the wheel and let them air-dry in the shade. Unknown: the clay body; the video does not show what it is or how it is made.
此步骤所需材料：
未知坯泥1 as required所需工具：
陶轮9
9
Trim and stamp
Trim and stamp
Set each dry bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel, trim the outside and the foot smooth, and stamp your mark in the foot.
所需工具：
陶轮
湿木车削工具
陶印10
10
Bisque fire at about 800 °C
Bisque fire at about 800 °C
Stack the bowls in the kiln, brick up the door and seal it with mud, and fire with wood to about 800 °C. The bisque firing makes the body stronger and more absorbent, so the glaze takes better.
所需工具：
窑炉砖
薪柴
高温计11
11
Make the glaze
Make the glaze
Mix the burnt husk-and-lime ash, the glaze stone and the Zijin clay in proportion, add about an equal amount of water, stir and grind fine. Sieve it, take out the iron, and let the glaze age in the glaze vat. Not given: the proportion, how the iron is removed, how long it ages. Rice husk ash, glaze stone and Zijin clay give the silica, feldspar and kaolin; Zijin clay's iron is the colourant; lime and the potash and soda of feldspar lower the melting point.
所需工具：
石制研钵与研杵水筛组（分级筛网）带盖陶瓷储存罐12
12
Dip the bowls
Dip the bowls
Hold each bisque bowl with wire tongs and dip it into the glaze. Let it air-dry.
所需工具：
蘸釉钳带盖陶瓷储存罐13
13
Spray on more glaze
Spray on more glaze
Set the bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel and spray glaze evenly over the outside with a mouth-blown sprayer. Repeated bisque firings, dipping and thin spray coats build a thick glaze; Longquan celadon is a lime-alkali glaze that stays put at high temperature. Scrape the glaze off the foot with a knife.
所需工具：
陶轮
吹釉筒
刀14
14
Reduction fire in saggars
Reduction fire in saggars
Set the bowls in saggars, stack them in the kiln and seal the door. Between 900 °C and 1230 °C, feed fuel often, and when combustion is insufficient fire in reduction: the iron in the glaze gives up oxygen, and the mix of divalent and trivalent iron turns the glaze blue-green. Not given: how long the firing takes.
所需工具：
匣钵窑炉砖薪柴高温计材料
5- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
- 1 as required占位符
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