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Normal Butane: the 0 °C Cut of the Lightest Gasoline, Distilled Twenty Times in the Cold (Mabery & Hudson 1897)
The lightest gasoline still holds butane, a gas that boils at about 0 °C. Distil it again and again through a condenser packed in a freezing mixture, and the butane gathers as a cut between -2 and 2 °C.
Result: 300 grams within -2 to 2 °C, specific gravity 0.6029 at 0 °C, vapour density 2.07 (2.01 calculated for butane). Very little came over below -10 °C.
Note: Mabery & Hudson named this cut isobutane. By the boiling points in Ipatieff & Pines, US 2,318,226 (normal butane +0.5 °C, isobutane -10.5 °C), a cut at 0 °C is normal butane, and it is built here as such.
Source: Mabery & Hudson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 32 (1897), pp. 101-111. Not given: the freezing mixture, how the butane was stored. Extremely flammable: no flame near. Picture drawn by Youblob.
专家
3 months
说明
1
1
Take the lightest gasoline
Take the lightest gasoline
Start from the most volatile gasoline you can get. Mabery & Hudson used 88° and 92° Baumé gasoline, the second distillate of Pennsylvania and Ohio naphtha, collected at the refinery in lots of 45 litres while the air was below 0 °F. 250 litres were worked in all.
此步骤所需材料：
车用汽油250 升所需工具：
玻璃蒸馏瓶2
2
Distil through a condenser in a freezing mixture
Distil through a condenser in a freezing mixture
Distil from a flask through a Warren condenser filled with a freezing mixture, and keep every receiver very cold to avoid loss. The paper does not give the mixture. Ours: crushed ice and salt.
所需工具：
玻璃蒸馏瓶
回流冷凝管
碎冰
盐
实验室温度计3
3
Let the lightest portions boil from room heat
Let the lightest portions boil from room heat
The portions from -20 to -10 °C boil from the heat of the surrounding air alone. Regulate them by cooling the still, not by heating it.
所需工具：
玻璃蒸馏瓶碎冰盐实验室温度计4
4
Redistil everything below 12 °C twenty times
Redistil everything below 12 °C twenty times
Collect in single-degree fractions and distil the portions below 12 °C again, twenty times over. By the twentieth run almost nothing stays between 5 and 20 °C, and the butane gathers between -2 and 2 °C.
所需工具：
玻璃蒸馏瓶回流冷凝管碎冰盐实验室温度计5
5
Keep the -2 to 2 °C cut
Keep the -2 to 2 °C cut
This is the butane: 300 grams in Mabery & Hudson's run, specific gravity 0.6029 at 0 °C. It boils at about 0 °C, so it must be kept cold or under pressure. Ours: condense it into a pressure gas cylinder.
所需工具：
高压气瓶实验室温度计此蓝图制作
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