艺术
美容与健康
工艺
文化与历史
娱乐
环境
食品与饮料
逆向工程
科学
体育
技术
可穿戴设备
Preparing the Surface: Every Flaw Gets More Visible, Not Less
A finish magnifies everything underneath it. A scratch you can barely see on bare wood is obvious under three coats of varnish, and glue you missed shows up as a pale patch that cannot be fixed without stripping back.
So the surface has to be right BEFORE any finish goes near it, and the check has to be done under light that reveals rather than flatters.
The grit progression published for sharpening applies here almost unchanged — each grade removes the previous one's scratches — with two differences: you stop much sooner than you might think, and you raise the grain deliberately.
初学者
3 hours
说明
1
1
Look at it under raking light
Look at it under raking light
Hold a lamp almost flat to the surface and sight along it. Every scratch, dent, ripple and missed glue spot throws a shadow and becomes obvious.
Overhead light flatters a surface and hides exactly the faults a finish will later reveal. This one change of lighting finds more problems than any amount of careful looking from above, and it costs nothing.
Glue is the one to hunt for specifically. Dried squeeze-out seals the wood so stain and oil cannot penetrate, and the pale patch only appears once the finish is on. Wiping the surface with mineral spirits shows glue residue immediately — the wood darkens and the sealed patches stay light.
此步骤所需材料：
矿物油精1 个
硬木板1 个所需工具：
放大目镜
棉布
砂纸套装2
2
Sand through the grits, and stop sooner than you think
Sand through the grits, and stop sooner than you think
Work up through the grades without skipping — 80 if the surface needs it, then 120, 150, 180 — and at each grade remove all of the previous one's scratches before moving on, exactly as the grit progression rung sets out.
Then stop. For most finishes 180 grit is enough and 220 is plenty. Sanding finer burnishes the surface closed, so stain and oil penetrate less and more unevenly — a polished surface takes finish worse, not better.
Sand WITH the grain. Cross-grain scratches are nearly invisible on bare wood and glaringly obvious under a finish, especially under stain, which settles into them and draws them in dark lines.
此步骤所需材料：
砂纸套装1 个硬木板1 个所需工具：
打磨块套装（海绵）放大目镜3
3
Raise the grain on purpose, then knock it back
Raise the grain on purpose, then knock it back
Wipe the sanded surface with a damp cloth and let it dry. The fibres that were pressed flat by sanding swell and stand up, and the surface goes rough — this is GRAIN RAISING.
Do it deliberately now, then knock the raised fibres off with a light pass of the final grit. If you skip it, the first coat of a water-based finish or stain does the raising for you, and then the roughness is locked under the finish.
With oil-based finishes it matters less but is still worth doing on anything that will be handled. Two minutes and a damp cloth, and the surface stays smooth through every subsequent coat.
此步骤所需材料：
砂纸套装1 个硬木板1 个所需工具：
棉布打磨块套装（海绵）4
4
Get the dust off — all of it
Get the dust off — all of it
Brush or vacuum the surface, then go over it with a tack cloth immediately before each coat. Dust trapped in a finish is a permanent bump, and it is the commonest flaw on otherwise good work.
The dust is not only on the work. It is on the bench, on you, and in the air — which is why sanding and finishing should not happen in the same hour in the same room. Vacuum, let the air settle, then finish.
Use the tack cloth lightly, with no pressure. Pressing it down leaves a faint sticky residue that some finishes react to. And do not use one at all under a water-based finish unless it says it is compatible — the residue can cause fisheye.
此步骤所需材料：
粘尘布1 个所需工具：
棉布放大目镜相关蓝图
这些蓝图共享知识——技术、材料或原理
CC0 公共领域
此蓝图以 CC0 协议发布。你可以自由复制、修改、分发和使用此作品，无需征得许可。
通过购买蓝图中的产品支持创客，他们将获得 创客佣金 （由供应商设定），或创建此蓝图的新版本并将其作为连接包含在你自己的蓝图中以分享收入。