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Styrene: Ethylbenzene and Steam over a Magnesia-Iron Oxide Catalyst
Styrene is ethylbenzene with two hydrogen atoms taken off, the 'S' in ABS. Kearby's process (US 2,395,875, 1946) passes the hydrocarbon with plenty of steam over a catalyst of magnesia with iron oxide and a little potassium and copper oxide at 1100–1300 °F (about 590–700 °C). The steam dilutes the vapour and burns off coke, and the catalyst is regenerated every few hours. The patent's worked figures are for butene; for ethylbenzene it gives these general conditions, which we use.
The picture: our diagram.
高级
Continuous
说明
1
1
Make the catalyst
Make the catalyst
Mix magnesia with ferric nitrate solution, adding ammonia to precipitate all the iron as hydroxide. Wash, then mix in copper nitrate and potassium nitrate solutions. Dry, heat to 1000 °F (about 540 °C) and press into pills. Aim for about 72.4 % MgO, 18.4 % Fe2O3, 4.6 % K2O and 4.6 % CuO (amounts as required).
所需工具：
氧化镁
硝酸铁
氨水 25-28 %
硝酸铜
硝酸钾（硝石）
蒸馏水
布氏漏斗（瓷制）
滤纸
干燥炉
马弗炉
压丸机
等臂天平
化学防溅护目镜
橡胶手套2
2
Pass ethylbenzene and steam over it
Pass ethylbenzene and steam over it
Fill a tube reactor with the pills and hold it at 1100–1300 °F (about 590–700 °C). Feed ethylbenzene vapour with 4 to 8 volumes of steam per volume, at 100–1000 volumes of hydrocarbon per volume of catalyst an hour.
此步骤所需材料：
乙苯1 个所需工具：
固定床管式反应器
蒸汽锅炉
输送泵
带读数的热电偶3
3
Regenerate every few hours
Regenerate every few hours
After ½ to 7 hours, shut off the hydrocarbon and pass steam, air or both through the catalyst at 1100–1300 °F to burn off the coke, then resume.
所需工具：
蒸汽锅炉固定床管式反应器带读数的热电偶4
4
Condense and distil
Condense and distil
Ours: condense the product, run off the water layer, and distil the styrene from the unchanged ethylbenzene, which goes back to the reactor (the patent recycles it).
所需工具：
冷凝器盘管
分液漏斗
减压蒸馏塔此蓝图制作
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