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Copper Round Bar: Ingot Hammered Round with Annealing
Copper is soft and ductile but stiffens as it is hammered; heating it (annealing) and cooling it in air or water softens it again, the way copper has been worked for a thousand years. Draw a copper ingot out on the anvil to a square, take the corners down to an octagon, then round, annealing whenever it stiffens.
The picture: our diagram of the cross-sections.
Intermediate
Half a day
Instructions
1
1
Anneal the ingot
Anneal the ingot
Heat the copper ingot in the forge to a dull red and quench it in water to soften it.
Materials for this step:
Copper Ingot1 piece
Charcoal1 as required
Water10 litersTools needed:
Blacksmith Forge
Blacksmith Tongs
Quench Bucket
Welding Gloves
Safety Glasses2
2
Draw it square
Draw it square
Hammer it out on the anvil into a long square bar, turning it a quarter turn between blows. Anneal again whenever it gets hard to move.
Tools needed:
Anvil
Cross Peen HammerBlacksmith TongsBlacksmith ForgeQuench Bucket3
3
Octagon, then round
Octagon, then round
Hammer the four corners down to make an octagon, then the eight corners to make it round. Check the diameter along its length.
Tools needed:
AnvilCross Peen Hammer
Digital Caliper 6-Inch4
4
True and finish
True and finish
Anneal a last time if it must be bent later, straighten it, and file off hammer marks and the ragged ends.
Tools needed:
File SetAnvilMaterials
3- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 1 as requiredPlaceholder
- 10 litersPlaceholder
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