ARTE
BELLEZA Y BIENESTAR
ARTESANÍA
CULTURA E HISTORIA
ENTRETENIMIENTO
MEDIO AMBIENTE
COMIDA Y BEBIDAS
INGENIERÍA INVERSA
CIENCIAS
DEPORTES
TECNOLOGÍA
TECNOLOGÍA VESTIBLE
Refined White Sugar from Raw Cane Sugar
Raw cane sugar is sucrose crystals with a sticky brown coating of molasses. Refining removes that coating and the colour to give white sugar. The crystals are first softened in a concentrated syrup (affination), then dissolved. The syrup is cleaned by carbonatation: milk of lime and carbon dioxide form calcium carbonate, which settles out and carries impurities with it. Colour is taken out with granular activated carbon. The syrup is then boiled down, cooled and seeded so the sugar crystallises, the liquor is spun off in a centrifuge, and the white crystals are dried in hot air. The left-over liquor becomes refiners' molasses. Refined sugar measures below 300 ICUMSA colour units; raw sugar is over 1,500.
Avanzado
Factory process
Instrucciones
1
1
Affination
Affination
Immerse the raw sugar crystals in a concentrated syrup. It softens and removes the sticky brown coating without dissolving the crystals. Separate the crystals from the syrup.
Materiales para este paso:
Azúcar crudo de caña1 as requiredHerramientas necesarias:
Centrífuga de azúcar2
2
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve the washed crystals in water to make a syrup.
Materiales para este paso:
Agua1 as required3
3
Carbonatation
Carbonatation
Add milk of lime (calcium hydroxide in water) and bubble carbon dioxide through the syrup. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The calcium carbonate that forms takes impurities with it; filter it out.
Materiales para este paso:
Hidróxido de calcio (cal apagada)1 as required
Dióxido de carbono gaseoso1 as requiredHerramientas necesarias:
Tanque de carbonatación
Filtro prensa4
4
Decolourise
Decolourise
Pass the syrup through granular activated carbon to remove the colour.
Materiales para este paso:
Carbón activado granular1 as required5
5
Boil and crystallise
Boil and crystallise
Concentrate the syrup by boiling, then cool it and seed it with sugar crystals so the sugar crystallises out.
Herramientas necesarias:
Tacho de cocción de azúcar6
6
Spin and dry
Spin and dry
Spin the liquor off in a centrifuge and dry the white crystals in hot air. The surplus liquor is made into refiners' molasses.
Herramientas necesarias:
Centrífuga de azúcar
Secador de aire calienteMateriales
5- 1 as requiredMarcador de posición
- 1 as requiredMarcador de posición
- 1 as requiredMarcador de posición
- 1 as requiredMarcador de posición
- 1 as requiredMarcador de posición
Herramientas requeridas
5- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
- Marcador de posición
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