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Spiegeleisen from Spathic Ore: Siegen Blast Furnace
Andrew Silver (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain
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13. octubre 2026NO
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Spiegeleisen from Spathic Ore: Siegen Blast Furnace

Spiegeleisen, 'mirror iron', is pig iron rich in manganese. Bessemer steelmakers added it to the blown metal to put back carbon and manganese. The Siegen works made it by roasting their manganese-bearing spathic ore and smelting it in the blast furnace with brown hematite, limestone and coke, as Bauerman describes (1890).
Avanzado
Works process

Instrucciones

1

Watch: iron from a blast furnace

A 1951 film of the blast furnace: ore, coke and limestone in layers, hot blast, slag and tapping. Spiegeleisen is made the same way from a manganese-rich ore.
2

Roast the spathic ore

Break the ore small. In the kiln, lay 4 in of charcoal on the upper grate, then alternate layers of ore and waste fuel (coke breeze), 40 parts ore to 8 fuel by measure. Light a wood fire on the lower grate and keep it three days. Draw a quarter of the roasted ore each day and refill with half the fuel.

Materiales para este paso:

Mineral de hierro espático (siderita)Mineral de hierro espático (siderita)1 as required
Carbón vegetalCarbón vegetal1 as required
Coque metalúrgicoCoque metalúrgico1 as required
LeñaLeña1 as required

Herramientas necesarias:

Horno de tostaciónHorno de tostación
Mazo pesadoMazo pesado
3

Charge the blast furnace

Each charge: 28.8 parts roasted spathic ore, 7.2 brown hematite and 9 limestone, with 20 parts coke (Charlottenhütte, by weight).

Materiales para este paso:

Mineral de hierro (hierro de pantano / hematita / magnetita)Mineral de hierro (hierro de pantano / hematita / magnetita)1 as required
Carbonato de calcio - caliza trituradaCarbonato de calcio - caliza triturada1 as required
Coque metalúrgicoCoque metalúrgico1 as required

Herramientas necesarias:

Alto hornoAlto horno
4

Blow it hot

Blow through three tuyeres at about 3½ lb per square inch, with a hot blast (280–300° in Bauerman). Keep the hearth hot: a hotter blast reduces more manganese. Keep the slag nearly neutral.

Herramientas necesarias:

Alto hornoAlto horno
PirómetroPirómetro
5

Tap and cast

Tap the metal into moulds. Siegen's spiegeleisen held about 8 % manganese.

Herramientas necesarias:

Barra de sangradoBarra de sangrado
LingoteraLingotera
Guantes resistentes al calorGuantes resistentes al calor
Pantalla facialPantalla facial
6

Honest limits

Figures are Bauerman's (1890) for Siegen; a works blast furnace made about 30 tons a day. Later spiegel ran ~15 % manganese (Wikipedia), from richer Spanish and Sardinian ores.

Materiales

6

Herramientas requeridas

8

Este plano hace

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Spiegeleisen

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