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Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired
Daderot · CC0
Clay

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Clay

1. November 2026DK
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Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired

Longquan celadon, made in Longquan, China, since the 10th century, is a thick jade-green glaze over a bisque-fired body. The glaze is three powders washed out of local materials: glaze stone, the ash of rice husk burnt together with limestone, and iron-rich Zijin clay. Fired in reduction between 900 and 1230 °C, the iron in the glaze turns blue-green. Result: thick-glazed, jade-green celadon bowls. Source: the video 'Longquan celadon' by Shanbai (2025), checked frame by frame against its captions. Not given: amounts, the glaze proportion, ageing times, how iron is taken out, firing times. Unknown: the clay body of the bowls; the video does not show it. Photo: Southern Song Longquan bowl, Royal Ontario Museum, by Daderot (CC0).
Lanjutan
several weeks

Instruksi

1

Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl

The whole process in eight minutes, by Shanbai: preparing the three glaze materials, throwing and bisque firing the bowls, glazing, and the reduction firing.
2

Pound the glaze stone

Crush the glaze stone in a stone mortar with a foot-trodden pestle.

Material untuk langkah ini:

Batu glasirBatu glasir1 as required

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Alu injak penumbuk batuAlu injak penumbuk batu
3

Sieve and settle the stone

Sieve the crushed stone and pound the coarse bits again. Stir the fine stone into water in a vat, sieve off the fine particles suspended in the water into another vat, and let them settle.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)
AirAir
Guci Keramik BertutupGuci Keramik Bertutup
Sendok sayurSendok sayur
4

Burn rice husk with limestone

In a brick-edged bed outdoors, lay rice husk and limestone in alternate layers and burn them. Turn the materials several times during the firing so the husk burns completely.

Material untuk langkah ini:

Sekam padiSekam padi1 as required
Balok batu kapurBalok batu kapur1 as required

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

BataBata
SekopSekop
5

Sieve and wash the ash

Sieve the ash into a vat. Add water and ladle it through a fine sieve into a fresh vat. While this 'black glaze' settles, change the water and wash it several times.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)
Guci Keramik BertutupGuci Keramik Bertutup
AirAir
Sendok sayurSendok sayur
6

Mill and settle the Zijin clay

Grind the dry Zijin clay to powder in a stone hand mill. Mix it well with water, sieve it into a fresh vat and let the fine particles settle.

Material untuk langkah ini:

Tanah liat ZijinTanah liat Zijin1 as required

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Gilingan tangan dari batuGilingan tangan dari batu
AirAir
Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)
Guci Keramik BertutupGuci Keramik Bertutup
7

Dewater in bags, then age

Drain the water off each of the three vats without stirring up the settled powder. Scoop each paste into a cloth bag, lay the bags on a board and press them under a millstone. When they are dewatered to a certain degree, let them age for a while. Not given: how long. Ours: linen bags (as in the transcript).

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Sendok sayurSendok sayur
Tas linenTas linen
Batu kisaranBatu kisaran
8

Throw the bowls

Throw the bowls on the wheel and let them air-dry in the shade. Unknown: the clay body; the video does not show what it is or how it is made.

Material untuk langkah ini:

Badan tanah liat tak dikenalBadan tanah liat tak dikenal1 as required

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Roda pembuat tembikarRoda pembuat tembikar
9

Trim and stamp

Set each dry bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel, trim the outside and the foot smooth, and stamp your mark in the foot.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Roda pembuat tembikarRoda pembuat tembikar
Alat pembubut kayu basahAlat pembubut kayu basah
Stempel tembikarStempel tembikar
10

Bisque fire at about 800 °C

Stack the bowls in the kiln, brick up the door and seal it with mud, and fire with wood to about 800 °C. The bisque firing makes the body stronger and more absorbent, so the glaze takes better.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Tungku PembakaranTungku Pembakaran
BataBata
Kayu BakarKayu Bakar
PirometerPirometer
11

Make the glaze

Mix the burnt husk-and-lime ash, the glaze stone and the Zijin clay in proportion, add about an equal amount of water, stir and grind fine. Sieve it, take out the iron, and let the glaze age in the glaze vat. Not given: the proportion, how the iron is removed, how long it ages. Rice husk ash, glaze stone and Zijin clay give the silica, feldspar and kaolin; Zijin clay's iron is the colourant; lime and the potash and soda of feldspar lower the melting point.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Lumpang dan Alu BatuLumpang dan Alu Batu
AirAir
Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)Set ayakan (mata bertingkat)
Guci Keramik BertutupGuci Keramik Bertutup
12

Dip the bowls

Hold each bisque bowl with wire tongs and dip it into the glaze. Let it air-dry.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Penjepit celup glasirPenjepit celup glasir
Guci Keramik BertutupGuci Keramik Bertutup
13

Spray on more glaze

Set the bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel and spray glaze evenly over the outside with a mouth-blown sprayer. Repeated bisque firings, dipping and thin spray coats build a thick glaze; Longquan celadon is a lime-alkali glaze that stays put at high temperature. Scrape the glaze off the foot with a knife.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Roda pembuat tembikarRoda pembuat tembikar
Penyemprot glasir tiup mulutPenyemprot glasir tiup mulut
PisauPisau
14

Reduction fire in saggars

Set the bowls in saggars, stack them in the kiln and seal the door. Between 900 °C and 1230 °C, feed fuel often, and when combustion is insufficient fire in reduction: the iron in the glaze gives up oxygen, and the mix of divalent and trivalent iron turns the glaze blue-green. Not given: how long the firing takes.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Kotak bakar tahan apiKotak bakar tahan api
Tungku PembakaranTungku Pembakaran
BataBata
Kayu BakarKayu Bakar
PirometerPirometer

Bahan

5

Alat yang Diperlukan

21

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