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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot
Charlie

Dibuat oleh

Charlie

14. Oktober 2026DE
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Tin Oxide: Tin Burnt in an Open Iron Pot

Tin oxide is made by burning tin in air: melted tin in an open pot slowly turns to a white powder. Andrew Ure (1839) describes the enamel makers' way, with a lead-tin alloy in a flat iron pot, the powder raked aside as it forms, then ground and washed fine. Done with pure tin it gives the milky white oxide used in glazes, opal glass and polishing. The picture: tin(IV) oxide powder on a watch glass.
Menengah
A day

Instruksi

1

Melt the tin in an open pot

Melt the tin in a flat cast-iron pot over a charcoal fire. Leave the pot open to the air.

Material untuk langkah ini:

Batangan timah putihBatangan timah putih1 kg
ArangArang1 as required

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Neraca lenganNeraca lengan
Kuali lebur besi tuangKuali lebur besi tuang
Tungku ArangTungku Arang
PenjepitPenjepit
Sarung Tangan Tahan PanasSarung Tangan Tahan Panas
2

Burn it, rake the powder aside

Raise the heat towards a dull red and keep stirring the surface. Rake the white crust to the sides as it forms, as Ure describes, and add tin as it is used up. Keep the heat as low as will do: Ure warns that too strong a fire fuses the powder and makes it hard to grind.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Kuali lebur besi tuangKuali lebur besi tuang
Garu besiGaru besi
Serok berlubangSerok berlubang
Sarung Tangan Tahan PanasSarung Tangan Tahan Panas
3

Pick out the metal

Let the powder cool. Sift it and pick out any beads of tin; Ure: no metal may be left in the oxide. Melt the beads back in.

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Ayakan HalusAyakan Halus
Kacamata Pelindung Cipratan KimiaKacamata Pelindung Cipratan Kimia
4

Grind and wash

Grind the powder fine with water. Stir it up in a bucket of water, let the coarse part settle for a moment and pour off the milky water; let the fine part settle out of that, as Ure washed his. Dry it in a dish and store it closed.

Material untuk langkah ini:

AirAir10 liter

Alat yang dibutuhkan:

Lumpang dan AluLumpang dan Alu
Penggerus tanganPenggerus tangan
EmberEmber
Cawan PenguapCawan Penguap
Stoples KacaStoples Kaca
5

Tin to oxide

Memuat notebook Jupyter…
6

Limits

Burning tin in air is how tin oxide is made (Wikipedia); the pot, raking, low heat and washing are Ure's practice for the lead-tin calx of enamel makers, used here with pure tin by our choice. Tin oxidises more slowly than Ure's lead-rich alloy, so allow time.

Bahan

3
  • Placeholder
  • 1 as required
    Placeholder
  • 10 liter
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Alat yang Diperlukan

14

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