कला
सौंदर्य और कल्याण
हस्तशिल्प
संस्कृति और इतिहास
मनोरंजन
पर्यावरण
खाद्य और पेय
रिवर्स इंजीनियरिंग
विज्ञान
खेल
प्रौद्योगिकी
पहनने योग्य
Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired
Longquan celadon, made in Longquan, China, since the 10th century, is a thick jade-green glaze over a bisque-fired body. The glaze is three powders washed out of local materials: glaze stone, the ash of rice husk burnt together with limestone, and iron-rich Zijin clay. Fired in reduction between 900 and 1230 °C, the iron in the glaze turns blue-green.
Result: thick-glazed, jade-green celadon bowls.
Source: the video 'Longquan celadon' by Shanbai (2025), checked frame by frame against its captions. Not given: amounts, the glaze proportion, ageing times, how iron is taken out, firing times. Unknown: the clay body of the bowls; the video does not show it. Photo: Southern Song Longquan bowl, Royal Ontario Museum, by Daderot (CC0).
उन्नत
several weeks
निर्देश
1
1
Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl
Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl
The whole process in eight minutes, by Shanbai: preparing the three glaze materials, throwing and bisque firing the bowls, glazing, and the reduction firing.
2
2
Pound the glaze stone
Pound the glaze stone
Crush the glaze stone in a stone mortar with a foot-trodden pestle.
इस चरण के लिए सामग्री:
ग्लेज़ पत्थर1 as requiredआवश्यक उपकरण:
पैर से चलने वाली ढेंकी3
3
Sieve and settle the stone
Sieve and settle the stone
Sieve the crushed stone and pound the coarse bits again. Stir the fine stone into water in a vat, sieve off the fine particles suspended in the water into another vat, and let them settle.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
चलनी सेट (क्रमिक जाली)
जल
ढक्कनदार सिरैमिक भंडारण पात्र
करछुल4
4
Burn rice husk with limestone
Burn rice husk with limestone
In a brick-edged bed outdoors, lay rice husk and limestone in alternate layers and burn them. Turn the materials several times during the firing so the husk burns completely.
इस चरण के लिए सामग्री:
धान की भूसी1 as required
चूना-पत्थर का खंड1 as requiredआवश्यक उपकरण:
ईंट
फावड़ा5
5
Sieve and wash the ash
Sieve and wash the ash
Sieve the ash into a vat. Add water and ladle it through a fine sieve into a fresh vat. While this 'black glaze' settles, change the water and wash it several times.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
चलनी सेट (क्रमिक जाली)ढक्कनदार सिरैमिक भंडारण पात्रजलकरछुल6
6
Mill and settle the Zijin clay
Mill and settle the Zijin clay
Grind the dry Zijin clay to powder in a stone hand mill. Mix it well with water, sieve it into a fresh vat and let the fine particles settle.
इस चरण के लिए सामग्री:
ज़िजिन मिट्टी1 as requiredआवश्यक उपकरण:
पत्थर की हाथ चक्कीजलचलनी सेट (क्रमिक जाली)ढक्कनदार सिरैमिक भंडारण पात्र7
7
Dewater in bags, then age
Dewater in bags, then age
Drain the water off each of the three vats without stirring up the settled powder. Scoop each paste into a cloth bag, lay the bags on a board and press them under a millstone. When they are dewatered to a certain degree, let them age for a while. Not given: how long. Ours: linen bags (as in the transcript).
आवश्यक उपकरण:
करछुल
लिनन का थैला
हाथ की चक्की का पाट8
8
Throw the bowls
Throw the bowls
Throw the bowls on the wheel and let them air-dry in the shade. Unknown: the clay body; the video does not show what it is or how it is made.
इस चरण के लिए सामग्री:
अज्ञात मिट्टी का गारा1 as requiredआवश्यक उपकरण:
कुम्हार का चाक9
9
Trim and stamp
Trim and stamp
Set each dry bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel, trim the outside and the foot smooth, and stamp your mark in the foot.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
कुम्हार का चाक
गीली लकड़ी खरादने के औज़ार
कुम्हार की मुहर10
10
Bisque fire at about 800 °C
Bisque fire at about 800 °C
Stack the bowls in the kiln, brick up the door and seal it with mud, and fire with wood to about 800 °C. The bisque firing makes the body stronger and more absorbent, so the glaze takes better.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
भट्ठी (किल्न)ईंट
जलावन लकड़ी
पाइरोमीटर11
11
Make the glaze
Make the glaze
Mix the burnt husk-and-lime ash, the glaze stone and the Zijin clay in proportion, add about an equal amount of water, stir and grind fine. Sieve it, take out the iron, and let the glaze age in the glaze vat. Not given: the proportion, how the iron is removed, how long it ages. Rice husk ash, glaze stone and Zijin clay give the silica, feldspar and kaolin; Zijin clay's iron is the colourant; lime and the potash and soda of feldspar lower the melting point.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
पत्थर का खरल और मूसलजलचलनी सेट (क्रमिक जाली)ढक्कनदार सिरैमिक भंडारण पात्र12
12
Dip the bowls
Dip the bowls
Hold each bisque bowl with wire tongs and dip it into the glaze. Let it air-dry.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
डुबाने का चिमटाढक्कनदार सिरैमिक भंडारण पात्र13
13
Spray on more glaze
Spray on more glaze
Set the bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel and spray glaze evenly over the outside with a mouth-blown sprayer. Repeated bisque firings, dipping and thin spray coats build a thick glaze; Longquan celadon is a lime-alkali glaze that stays put at high temperature. Scrape the glaze off the foot with a knife.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
कुम्हार का चाक
मुँह से फूँकने वाला ग्लेज़ स्प्रेयर
चाकू14
14
Reduction fire in saggars
Reduction fire in saggars
Set the bowls in saggars, stack them in the kiln and seal the door. Between 900 °C and 1230 °C, feed fuel often, and when combustion is insufficient fire in reduction: the iron in the glaze gives up oxygen, and the mix of divalent and trivalent iron turns the glaze blue-green. Not given: how long the firing takes.
आवश्यक उपकरण:
सैगर (अग्निसह डिब्बा)भट्ठी (किल्न)ईंटजलावन लकड़ीपाइरोमीटरसामग्री
5- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
- 1 as requiredप्लेसहोल्डर
आवश्यक उपकरण
21- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
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- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
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- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
- प्लेसहोल्डर
यह ब्लूप्रिंट बनाता है
संबंधित ब्लूप्रिंट
ये ब्लूप्रिंट ज्ञान साझा करते हैं — तकनीक, सामग्री या सिद्धांत
CC0 पब्लिक डोमेन
यह ब्लूप्रिंट CC0 के तहत जारी किया गया है। आप बिना अनुमति माँगे इस कार्य को किसी भी उद्देश्य के लिए कॉपी, संशोधित, वितरित और उपयोग करने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं।
उनके ब्लूप्रिंट के माध्यम से उत्पाद खरीदकर मेकर का समर्थन करें जहाँ वे मेकर कमीशन कमाते हैं जो विक्रेताओं द्वारा निर्धारित होता है, या इस ब्लूप्रिंट का नया संस्करण बनाएँ और राजस्व साझा करने के लिए इसे अपने ब्लूप्रिंट में कनेक्शन के रूप में शामिल करें।