Graduated Cylinders: Glass Tube on a Foot, Marked by Weighing Water

A graduated cylinder is a narrow glass tube standing on a foot, with a lip to pour and lines for volume; it measures more closely than a beaker. Guyton de Morveau introduced it in 1784. Close a straight tube flat, fuse a glass foot under it, pull a lip, anneal, then mark it by weighing in water. The picture: graduated laboratory glassware engraved in 1895 (Alessandri): a litre flask, a graduated bottle and, on the right, a footed graduated cylinder with a lip.