هنر
زیبایی و سلامت
صنایع دستی
فرهنگ و تاریخ
سرگرمی
محیط زیست
غذا و نوشیدنی
مهندسی معکوس
علوم
ورزش
فناوری
پوشیدنیها
Speed Through the Water: Using and Calibrating the Log
Dead reckoning needs a speed, and the word 'knot' is a fossil of how it was first measured: a wedge of wood on a line knotted at even intervals, thrown over the stern, with the knots counted as they ran out during a measured interval of a sand glass.
The chip log, already published here, is that instrument. This rung is about USING it honestly — because every log measures speed through the WATER, and the water itself is usually moving. A log reading five knots in a two-knot foul tide is a boat making three over the ground, and no log will ever tell you that.
You will build a simple log, calibrate it over a measured distance, and learn the difference between speed, distance run and distance made good — three quantities that are routinely confused and are never the same number.
مبتدی
1 day
دستورالعملها
1
1
Understand why the knot spacing is what it is
Understand why the knot spacing is what it is
A nautical mile is 1852 metres. If knots are spaced at 1/120th of that — about 15.4 metres — then the number running out in 30 seconds is the speed in nautical miles per hour directly.
Thirty seconds is 1/120th of an hour, so the two ratios cancel and the count IS the speed. That is the whole elegance of the device: no calculation at sea, in the dark, by a tired watch. Choose a different glass and you must re-space the knots to match.
مواد مورد نیاز این مرحله:
ریسمان تراز60 metreابزارهای مورد نیاز:
متر نواری
ماژیک ثابت2
2
Make a chip that stays put in the water
Make a chip that stays put in the water
Cut a quadrant of thin board about 200 mm on its straight edges, weight the curved edge with lead so it floats upright, and bridle it from three points so it presents its face to the pull.
The chip must stay still in the water while the line runs off the reel — it is a sea anchor, not a float. If it skids or planes, every reading is short. The traditional bridle has one leg on a tapered peg that pulls free when the line is jerked, so the chip turns edge-on and can be hauled in easily.
مواد مورد نیاز این مرحله:
ورق تختهسهلا1 ورقریسمان تراز10 metreابزارهای مورد نیاز:
ارهٔ دستی
کاغذ سنباده3
3
Leave stray line before the first knot
Leave stray line before the first knot
Mark a length of 'stray line' — typically 10 to 20 metres — before the first knot, and only start the glass when the stray-line marker passes your hand.
Close astern the water is disturbed by the boat's wake and is travelling with her, so a chip in that zone is dragged along and reads slow. The stray line gets the chip out into undisturbed water before timing begins. Skipping it is the single commonest reason a hand log under-reads.
ابزارهای مورد نیاز:
ماژیک ثابتمتر نواری4
4
Calibrate against a measured distance, both ways
Calibrate against a measured distance, both ways
Run a known distance between two fixed marks at steady throttle, timing it, then run the SAME distance back at the same setting.
Averaging the two runs cancels the current, which otherwise adds to one and subtracts from the other. One run alone measures your speed over the ground on that day's tide and tells you nothing reliable about the log. Do it in calm conditions, and repeat at two or three speeds, because log errors are rarely a constant percentage.
ابزارهای مورد نیاز:
کرونومتر5
5
Knot spacing, calibration and the three distances
Knot spacing, calibration and the three distances
در حال بارگذاری دفترچهٔ Jupyter…
ابزارهای مورد نیاز:
کرونومتر6
6
Record the correction and use it every time
Record the correction and use it every time
Write the correction factor for each speed on a card by the chart table, and apply it to every log reading before it goes into the plot.
A calibration in a notebook you do not consult is worth nothing. Re-check it after anything that changes the hull — a season's weed growth easily costs five per cent, which over a night passage is several miles of error accumulating steadily in one direction.
مواد مورد نیاز این مرحله:
مقوا4 قطعهنقشههای مرتبط
این نقشهها دانش مشترکی دارند — تکنیکها، مواد یا اصول
CC0 مالکیت عمومی
این نقشه تحت مجوز CC0 منتشر شده است. شما آزاد هستید آن را کپی، ویرایش، توزیع و برای هر هدفی بدون نیاز به اجازه استفاده کنید.
با خرید محصولات از طریق نقشه از سازنده حمایت کنید و او کمیسیون سازنده تعیین شده توسط فروشندگان، دریافت میکند یا یک نسخه جدید از این نقشه ایجاد کنید و آن را به عنوان اتصال در نقشه خود قرار دهید تا درآمد به اشتراک گذاشته شود.