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Rotating-Receiver Stationary-Break Churn: The Whole Cream Vessel Turns, a Narrow Fixed Break Churns It
Mortimer S. Harsha · Public domain
Buttercup

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Buttercup

11. nóvember 2026IE
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Rotating-Receiver Stationary-Break Churn: The Whole Cream Vessel Turns, a Narrow Fixed Break Churns It

Mortimer S. Harsha of Sycamore, Illinois, received US 26,459, dated 13 December 1859, for what he called the "Vertical Rotating and Stationary Break Churn". Instead of a dasher, the whole cream vessel turns on an upright shaft with a pointed foot, driven by a gear and crank below it, while one narrow perforated break, fixed to a removable top, stands still near the vessel's side. The turning cream keeps going like a balance wheel, so little effort keeps it churning. The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours.
Miðlungs
About a day, plus printing

Leiðbeiningar

1

The turning cream against a still break

Hleð Jupyter-vinnubók…
2

Fixed brakes in turning cream, three months before

Taylor turned a dasher among fixed brakes. Harsha turns the vessel itself against a single fixed break.
3

Read US 26,459

"This is accomplished by said break presenting only a small resisting surface to the moving cream, while the cream being made to rapidly rotate on said vertical or upright shaft only against said break dash, becomes, along with its receiver, a receptacle of the power applied, similar to that of a balance wheel, and so by its own accumulative force, when power is once applied, puts it in motion"
4

Print the gear wheel G

Crown wheel, 36 teeth on its face, module 2, with a hub bored 12.4 mm and a cross hole for a pin. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
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5

Print the pinion

Spur pinion, 12 teeth, module 2, with a long hub bored 16.4 mm and a cross hole for a pin. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
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6

Print the socket

A cup 50 mm across and 22 mm tall with a cone recess for the shaft's point. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
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7

Print the flange

A disc 200 mm across and 15 mm thick bored 16.6 mm, to carry the receiver. Print with 100 % infill. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
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8

Base E, brace H, posts F and top D

Make a hardwood base 600 x 600 mm and screw the socket in its middle. Screw a brace H to it, an upright 30 x 40 mm with an arm reaching over the socket, bored 16.6 mm 25 to 55 mm up as the shaft's journal box. Tenon two posts 30 x 50 mm, 515 mm tall, into the base 490 mm apart, and make a top board 550 x 160 x 20 mm with mortises to drop onto their tenons so it lifts off. Set two chairs 44 x 30 mm, 124 mm tall, for the gear wheel's shaft.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

HarðviðarborðHarðviðarborð3 stykki
TrélímTrélím1 stykki
TréskrúfurTréskrúfur20 stykki
PETG-þráðurPETG-þráður1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

FDM-þrívíddarprentariFDM-þrívíddarprentari
BorðsögBorðsög
StingsögStingsög
GrópmeitillGrópmeitill
TrésleggjaTrésleggja
HleðsluborHleðslubor
BorasettBorasett
StangarþvingaStangarþvinga
MálbandMálband
9

Shaft C, receiver A and gearing

File one end of a 16 mm stainless shaft 170 mm long to a point. Pin the pinion and the flange on it, stand its point in the socket through the journal box, and bolt the stockpot's bottom to the flange with stainless screws sealed with silicone. Fit the crown wheel on a 12 mm stainless shaft through the chairs, meshing under the pinion, with a crank and handle on its end.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

Stöng úr ryðfríu stáliStöng úr ryðfríu stáli2 stykki
Stór potturStór pottur1 stykki
VélskrúfurVélskrúfur4 stykki
Læsiró með nælonhringLæsiró með nælonhring4 stykki
Flöt skinnaFlöt skinna8 stykki
SílikonþéttiefniSílikonþéttiefni1 stykki
HarðviðartapparHarðviðartappar1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

JárnsögJárnsög
Þjalir (handþjöl)Þjalir (handþjöl)
HleðsluborHleðslubor
BorasettBorasett
SkiptilykillSkiptilykill
SkrúfjárnasettSkrúfjárnasett
10

Break dash B

Cut a hardwood break 60 x 15 mm long enough to reach from the top board to 25 mm above the receiver's floor, bore ten 16 mm holes through it, and fix it by a tenon through the top board so it hangs 30 mm in from the receiver's side.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

HarðviðarborðHarðviðarborð1 stykki
TrélímTrélím1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

BorðsögBorðsög
Spaðabora-settSpaðabora-sett
HleðsluborHleðslubor
GrópmeitillGrópmeitill
TrésleggjaTrésleggja
SandpappírSandpappír
11

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the receiver cut through the middle: the base with its socket, brace and posts, the shaft with pinion and flange, the crown wheel and crank, the turning receiver and the fixed perforated break hanging from the top.
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12

Churn

Lift the top off, pour about 9 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C into the receiver, checked with the thermometer, and put the top back. Turn the crank steadily, timing it: once the cream is moving it keeps going with little effort. When the butter comes, lift the top and break out, take out the butter, drain the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

RjómiRjómi9 l
Gróft sjávarsaltGróft sjávarsalt1 stykki
VatnVatn1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

Hitamælir með nema sem situr íHitamælir með nema sem situr í
SkeiðklukkaSkeiðklukka
Stafræn eldhúsvogStafræn eldhúsvog
Stór hrærskál úr ryðfríu stáliStór hrærskál úr ryðfríu stáli
13

Troubleshooting

Rotating-receiver churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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14

History and honest limits

**Mortimer S. Harsha** of Sycamore, DeKalb County, Illinois, assignor to himself, Rufus S. Sanborn and H. B. Jones, US 26,459, 13 December 1859, "Churn". He claimed: "An entirely stationary break dash in combination with a cream receiver, made to rotate on a vertical or upright shaft". His break is made "of such size as the relative size of the machine requires, and of any common form or shape"; the patent gives no sizes, and every size here is ours. His receiver was tin, zinc or wood; ours is a stainless stockpot.

Efni

14

Nauðsynleg verkfæri

19

Hönnunarskrár

5
  • 4
    harsha-rotating-receiver-stationary-break-churn-wheel-g.stlSTLCC0
  • 5
    harsha-rotating-receiver-stationary-break-churn-pinion.stlSTLCC0
  • 6
    harsha-rotating-receiver-stationary-break-churn-socket.stlSTLCC0
  • 7
    harsha-rotating-receiver-stationary-break-churn-flange.stlSTLCC0
  • 11
    harsha-rotating-receiver-stationary-break-churn.blendBLENDCC0

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