LIST
FEGURÐ OG VELLÍÐAN
HANDVERK
MENNING OG SAGA
SKEMMTUN
UMHVERFI
MATUR OG DRYKKUR
ÖFUGVERKFRÆÐI
VÍSINDI
ÍÞRÓTTIR
TÆKNI
KLÆÐANLEG TÆKNI
Refined White Sugar from Raw Cane Sugar
Raw cane sugar is sucrose crystals with a sticky brown coating of molasses. Refining removes that coating and the colour to give white sugar. The crystals are first softened in a concentrated syrup (affination), then dissolved. The syrup is cleaned by carbonatation: milk of lime and carbon dioxide form calcium carbonate, which settles out and carries impurities with it. Colour is taken out with granular activated carbon. The syrup is then boiled down, cooled and seeded so the sugar crystallises, the liquor is spun off in a centrifuge, and the white crystals are dried in hot air. The left-over liquor becomes refiners' molasses. Refined sugar measures below 300 ICUMSA colour units; raw sugar is over 1,500.
Lengra kominn
Factory process
Leiðbeiningar
1
1
Affination
Affination
Immerse the raw sugar crystals in a concentrated syrup. It softens and removes the sticky brown coating without dissolving the crystals. Separate the crystals from the syrup.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Hrár reyrsykur1 as requiredNauðsynleg verkfæri:
Sykurskilvinda2
2
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve the washed crystals in water to make a syrup.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Vatn1 as required3
3
Carbonatation
Carbonatation
Add milk of lime (calcium hydroxide in water) and bubble carbon dioxide through the syrup. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The calcium carbonate that forms takes impurities with it; filter it out.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Kalsíumhýdroxíð (slökkt kalk)1 as required
Koltvísýringsgas1 as requiredNauðsynleg verkfæri:
Karbónötunartankur
Síupressa4
4
Decolourise
Decolourise
Pass the syrup through granular activated carbon to remove the colour.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Kornótt virk kol1 as required5
5
Boil and crystallise
Boil and crystallise
Concentrate the syrup by boiling, then cool it and seed it with sugar crystals so the sugar crystallises out.
Nauðsynleg verkfæri:
Sykursuðupanna6
6
Spin and dry
Spin and dry
Spin the liquor off in a centrifuge and dry the white crystals in hot air. The surplus liquor is made into refiners' molasses.
Nauðsynleg verkfæri:
Sykurskilvinda
HeitloftsþurrkariEfni
5- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
Nauðsynleg verkfæri
5- Staðgengill
- Staðgengill
- Staðgengill
- Staðgengill
- Staðgengill
Þessi teikning býr til
Tengd Blueprint
Þessi blueprint deila þekkingu — tækni, efni eða meginreglur
CC0 opinbert ríki
Þessi teikning er gefin út undir CC0. Þér er frjálst að afrita, breyta, dreifa og nota þetta verk í hvaða tilgangi sem er, án þess að biðja um leyfi.
Studdu smiðinn með því að kaupa vörur í gegnum teikningu hans þar sem hann fær þóknun smiða sem seljendur ákvarða, eða búðu til nýja endurskoðun á þessari teikningu og tengdu hana sem tengingu í þinni eigin teikningu til að deila tekjum.