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ÍÞRÓTTIR
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Spiegeleisen from Spathic Ore: Siegen Blast Furnace
Spiegeleisen, 'mirror iron', is pig iron rich in manganese. Bessemer steelmakers added it to the blown metal to put back carbon and manganese. The Siegen works made it by roasting their manganese-bearing spathic ore and smelting it in the blast furnace with brown hematite, limestone and coke, as Bauerman describes (1890).
Lengra kominn
Works process
Leiðbeiningar
1
1
Watch: iron from a blast furnace
Watch: iron from a blast furnace
A 1951 film of the blast furnace: ore, coke and limestone in layers, hot blast, slag and tapping. Spiegeleisen is made the same way from a manganese-rich ore.
2
2
Roast the spathic ore
Roast the spathic ore
Break the ore small. In the kiln, lay 4 in of charcoal on the upper grate, then alternate layers of ore and waste fuel (coke breeze), 40 parts ore to 8 fuel by measure. Light a wood fire on the lower grate and keep it three days. Draw a quarter of the roasted ore each day and refill with half the fuel.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Spatjárngrýti (síderít)1 as required
Viðarkol1 as required
Málmvinnslukox1 as required
Eldiviður1 as requiredNauðsynleg verkfæri:
Ristunarofn
Sleggja3
3
Charge the blast furnace
Charge the blast furnace
Each charge: 28.8 parts roasted spathic ore, 7.2 brown hematite and 9 limestone, with 20 parts coke (Charlottenhütte, by weight).
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Járngrýti (mýrarrauði / hematít / magnetít)1 as required
Kalsíumkarbónat — mulinn kalksteinn1 as requiredMálmvinnslukox1 as requiredNauðsynleg verkfæri:
Háofn4
4
Blow it hot
Blow it hot
Blow through three tuyeres at about 3½ lb per square inch, with a hot blast (280–300° in Bauerman). Keep the hearth hot: a hotter blast reduces more manganese. Keep the slag nearly neutral.
Nauðsynleg verkfæri:
Háofn
Háhitamælir5
5
Tap and cast
Tap and cast
Tap the metal into moulds. Siegen's spiegeleisen held about 8 % manganese.
Nauðsynleg verkfæri:
Tappastöng
Stangamót
Hitaþolnir hanskar
Andlitshlíf6
6
Honest limits
Honest limits
Figures are Bauerman's (1890) for Siegen; a works blast furnace made about 30 tons a day. Later spiegel ran ~15 % manganese (Wikipedia), from richer Spanish and Sardinian ores.
Efni
6- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
- 1 as requiredStaðgengill
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