The Porcelain-Lined Lemon Squeezer: Cast-Iron Handles, Porcelain Where the Juice Runs

"G is a concave, which is the half of a hollow sphere, made also of porcelain, with a series of holes, d′, in its bottom or lower part, and having a flange, e, projecting horizontally from it all around its upper edge. This flange, e, rests or bears upon an annular piece of India rubber, f, which is placed on the shoulder a, in the interior of the cup B." "The India-rubber ring f serves as a packing for the concave, holding it firmly in position without danger of breakage, and effectually prevents the acid juice of the lemons finding its way down between the concave and cup, as will be understood by referring to fig. 2."

**Concave.** Press porcelain clay into the inside of a small bowl to make a half-sphere about 7 cm across with a flat flange round its rim, and pierce its bottom with a ring of small holes. **Compress.** Press a solid half-sphere of clay a few millimetres smaller, with a flat top for fixing. **Fire.** Dry both slowly, bisque-fire them in the kiln, glaze them with clear glaze, and glaze-fire them at the clay's stated temperature. **Frame.** Cut the bottom 4 cm off a tin can wider than the concave, cut a hole in its base, and rivet it to a flat-bar handle. Seat the concave in it on a rubber O-ring and bend three tabs of the can's rim over its flange as the lips g g. Epoxy the compress to a disc riveted on the second handle, and pivot the handles so the compress closes into the concave. **Test.** Squeeze lemons over a glass. Then leave a spoonful of lemon juice on a pad of steel wool and another in the porcelain concave for an hour, and compare their colour and their pH with test strips.

**Thomas C. Smith** of New York, New York, received US 76,539, dated 7 April 1868. His lower handle A was cast with the cup B, the upper A′ with a plate E holding the porcelain compress F by a screw e and nut d; the concave's flange had a notch h to pass it down past one of the lips g g before turning. He thought porcelain, glazed earthenware or other vitreous material suitable, and the metal parts japanned or silver-plated. His claims cover the shoulder, rubber ring, lips and notched flange, and the cast-metal handles with the porcelain compress and concave. **Honest limits.** Pressed and glazed porcelain on flat-bar handles and a tin cup stand in for his cast iron and made porcelain. The notebook's iron is a ceiling, not a prediction; its volumes and acid content are examples. Your comparison is the result.