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FEGURÐ OG VELLÍÐAN
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MENNING OG SAGA
SKEMMTUN
UMHVERFI
MATUR OG DRYKKUR
ÖFUGVERKFRÆÐI
VÍSINDI
ÍÞRÓTTIR
TÆKNI
KLÆÐANLEG TÆKNI
Hand Files Cut With a Double-Edged Hammer and Tempered in Burnt Ox Horn and Salt (Theophilus, 12th Century)
How a medieval metalworker made his own files, from Theophilus's De Diversis Artibus (12th century): files of steel, or of soft iron faced with steel, forged to size, smoothed and cut with a double-edged hammer or cutting iron, then hardened by sprinkling them glowing with burnt ox horn and salt and quenching. Small soft-iron files are packed in lard, goatskin and clay instead.
Lengra kominn
About 1 day per few files
Leiðbeiningar
1
1
The hardening mix
The hardening mix
Hleð Jupyter-vinnubók…
2
2
Read De Diversis Artibus, Book III
Read De Diversis Artibus, Book III
"Files are made from pure steel, large and moderately sized, triangular and round. Others also are made which are stronger in the middle, from soft iron inside, but outwardly they are covered with steel."
3
3
Forge and smooth the blanks
Forge and smooth the blanks
Beat steel (or soft iron covered with steel) to the size and shape wanted: large or moderate, triangular or round; for small files, square, round, triangular or thin. Smooth them on a planing instrument (a filing or scraping bed).
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Kolefnisstálstöng (0,6 % C)1 stykki
Smíðajárnsstöng1 stykkiNauðsynleg verkfæri:
Aflinn
Smiðjubelgur
Steðji
Hamar
Smiðjutöng
Þjalir (handþjöl)4
4
Cut the teeth
Cut the teeth
Mark out the teeth with a hammer sharp on both sides, or with the cutting iron, until the file is cut all over.
Nauðsynleg verkfæri:
Hamar
ÞjalarhöggmeitillSteðji
Skrúfstykki5
5
Temper with horn and salt
Temper with horn and salt
Burn an ox horn in the fire, scrape it, mix it with a third part of salt and grind it hard. Heat the file until it glows, sprinkle the mixture over it everywhere, lay hot coals on and blow quickly over the whole without letting the coating fall off; then draw it out and quench it evenly in water, and dry it slightly over the fire. He tempers all steel things this way.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Nautshorn1 stykki
Salt1 stykkiNauðsynleg verkfæri:
AflinnSmiðjubelgur
PípettaSmiðjutöng
Herslufata6
6
Or pack small soft-iron files
Or pack small soft-iron files
For small soft-iron files, after cutting, anoint them with the grease of an old hog, bind them with small straps of buck-goat skin tied with flaxen thread, and cover each with beaten clay, leaving the handles (tangs) bare. Dry them, put them in the fire and blow strongly until the skin is burned, take them quickly out of the clay, quench evenly in water, and dry them at the fire.
Efni fyrir þetta skref:
Svínafita (nýrnamör og bakspik)1 stykki
Geitaleður1 stykki
Líntvinni1 stykki
Leir1 stykkiNauðsynleg verkfæri:
AflinnSmiðjubelgurSmiðjutöngHerslufata
Leðurhnífur7
7
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
File troubleshooting.
Flow
Loading...
8
8
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
From Theophilus Presbyter, **De Diversis Artibus** (12th century), Book III, chapters XVII-XIX, translated by Robert Hendrie (1847) (checked on the archive.org scan essayuponvarious00hend, pp. 223-225). He gives no sizes, temperatures or tooth spacing. The tools and the case-hardening explanation are ours.
Efni
8- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
- 1 stykkiStaðgengill
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