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FEGURÐ OG VELLÍÐAN
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Funnel-Tube Atmospheric Churn: Trailing Funnels on a Fast Cross Draw Air Down Slanting Tubes Into the Cream
L. J. Wicks (USPTO drawing) · Public domain
Buttercup

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Buttercup

9. nóvember 2026IE
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Funnel-Tube Atmospheric Churn: Trailing Funnels on a Fast Cross Draw Air Down Slanting Tubes Into the Cream

Loren J. Wicks of Racine, Wisconsin, received US 23,208, dated 8 March 1859, for an atmospheric churn. A crank turns a wheel cogged on its side, which spins an upright shaft fast. Near its foot the shaft carries a cross with a funnel on each arm, mouth trailing; four slanting tubes run from the funnels up to the shaft near its top. As the funnels draw away from the cream, air is sucked down the tubes and bubbles up through it. The top has gauze-covered openings for air and for watching the cream. This rung builds it in a square food container with printed gears and cross.
Lengra kominn
About 6 hours, plus printing

Leiðbeiningar

1

Speeds at the tubes' two ends

Hleð Jupyter-vinnubók…
2

Air into the cream, before it

Bump pumped air in with a hollow dasher. Wicks lets turning funnels draw it in with no valve.
3

Read US 23,208

"As the funnels recede from the cream or milk a vacuum is produced in the tubes j, j, j, j, and the external air rushes in immediately at the tops of the tubes and is conveyed through them to the bottom of the churn, where it escapes and rises through the cream to the top of the churn again."
4

Print the cross i

The cross with four slanting tube sockets and the funnels k on the arms' sides. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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5

Print the collar

The collar that holds the tubes' tops round the shaft. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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6

Print the socket

The foot bearing for shaft G. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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7

Print the pinion F

The 12-tooth pinion for the top of shaft G. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
HönnunarskráSTLCC0 - Free
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8

Print the wheel E

The 204 mm wheel with 60 teeth on its side. Print it flat, teeth up. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
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9

Body A and the ventilating top

Use a square food-grade container about 300 x 300 x 320 mm. Cut a 12 mm plywood top 320 mm square with a 13 mm hole in the middle and two openings 70 x 80 mm beside it; staple wire mesh over the openings (gauze D) and screw two hardwood cleats underneath so the top sits square on the rim. Screw the socket to the middle of the container's floor with an M4 screw and lock nut.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

Geymslubox í matvælaflokkiGeymslubox í matvælaflokki1 stykki
KrossviðarplataKrossviðarplata1 stykki
VírnetVírnet1 stykki
HarðviðarborðHarðviðarborð1 stykki
TréskrúfurTréskrúfur8 stykki
VélskrúfurVélskrúfur1 stykki
Læsiró með nælonhringLæsiró með nælonhring1 stykki
PETG-þráðurPETG-þráður1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

FDM-þrívíddarprentariFDM-þrívíddarprentari
StingsögStingsög
HleðsluborHleðslubor
BorasettBorasett
PlötuklippurPlötuklippur
SkrúfjárnasettSkrúfjárnasett
MálbandMálband
10

Shaft G, cross, tubes and collar

Cut a 12 mm stainless rod 373 mm long for shaft G. Fix the cross on it 20 mm above its foot and the collar 258 mm above its foot, each with an M4 screw across. Cut four 10 mm stainless tubes about 250 mm long, deburr them, and push each into its cross socket and up into the collar. Check that every funnel mouth points the same way round: they must trail as the shaft turns.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

Stöng úr ryðfríu stáliStöng úr ryðfríu stáli1 stykki
Rör úr ryðfríu stáliRör úr ryðfríu stáli1 stykki
VélskrúfurVélskrúfur2 stykki
Læsiró með nælonhringLæsiró með nælonhring2 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

JárnsögJárnsög
RörskeriRörskeri
Þjalir (handþjöl)Þjalir (handþjöl)
SkrúfjárnasettSkrúfjárnasett
11

Uprights, wheel E and crank S

Stand shaft G in its socket, put the top on and fix the pinion on G's top. Screw two hardwood uprights C 44 x 30 x 158 mm to the top, either side of the wheel's place, bored 12.5 mm at 128 mm up. Run a 12 mm stainless rod through them and the wheel's hub as shaft B so the wheel's teeth mesh with the pinion, fix the wheel with an M4 screw, and fix a hardwood crank S 132 mm long with a dowel handle on B's end.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

HarðviðarborðHarðviðarborð1 stykki
TréskrúfurTréskrúfur4 stykki
Stöng úr ryðfríu stáliStöng úr ryðfríu stáli1 stykki
VélskrúfurVélskrúfur2 stykki
Læsiró með nælonhringLæsiró með nælonhring2 stykki
HarðviðartapparHarðviðartappar1 stykki
TrélímTrélím1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

HandsögHandsög
HleðsluborHleðslubor
BorasettBorasett
JárnsögJárnsög
SkrúfjárnasettSkrúfjárnasett
12

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the near quarter of the container and top cut away: the shaft on its socket with the cross, funnels, slanting tubes and collar, the meshed top with its uprights, wheel E and pinion F, and the crank.
HönnunarskráBLENDCC0 - Free
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13

Churn

Pour in about 10 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, and put the top on. Turn the crank fast the way that makes the funnels trail, and time it; watch through the gauze for bubbles rising. When the butter comes it gathers between the tubes at the bottom. Lift out the top and shaft, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Efni fyrir þetta skref:

RjómiRjómi10 l
Gróft sjávarsaltGróft sjávarsalt1 stykki
VatnVatn1 stykki

Nauðsynleg verkfæri:

Hitamælir með nema sem situr íHitamælir með nema sem situr í
SkeiðklukkaSkeiðklukka
Stafræn eldhúsvogStafræn eldhúsvog
Stór hrærskál úr ryðfríu stáliStór hrærskál úr ryðfríu stáli
14

Troubleshooting

Atmospheric churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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15

History and honest limits

**Loren J. Wicks** of Racine, Wisconsin, US 23,208, 8 March 1859, "Churn". He held that the tubes' feet, moving much faster than their tops, upset the balance and draw air in quickly, and that the butter, heavier than the cream, settles between the tubes. He claimed the shaft, slanting tubes, cross pieces and funnels in a square churn with a ventilating top. He gave no sizes or materials, and drew F as a bevel wheel; our pinion is straight-cut, and every size and material is ours.

Efni

15

Nauðsynleg verkfæri

15

Hönnunarskrár

6

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eftir TheChefDK

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CC0 opinbert ríki

Þessi teikning er gefin út undir CC0. Þér er frjálst að afrita, breyta, dreifa og nota þetta verk í hvaða tilgangi sem er, án þess að biðja um leyfi.

Studdu smiðinn með því að kaupa vörur í gegnum teikningu hans þar sem hann fær þóknun smiða sem seljendur ákvarða, eða búðu til nýja endurskoðun á þessari teikningu og tengdu hana sem tengingu í þinni eigin teikningu til að deila tekjum.

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