Adjustable-Pin Resistance Churn: Flat-Ended Pins Turned From Outside Set the Churn's Grip

Gore let the maker set, from outside, how hard the cream is worked. Ezekiel Gore of Bennington, Vermont, received US 12,127, dated 2 January 1855, for a churn whose sides are pierced for "a series of adjustable pins, flattened at their inner extremities, which may be turned by the hand from the exterior of the churn, so as to present a greater or less surface of resistance to the cream." Thick cream gets the pins' edges, thin cream their sides; short ribs on the sides add agitation, and floats on the spindle sweep close past them. He wrote that the pins let the time of churning "be regulated to suit the pleasure of the operator." This rung compares the pins' areas, then prints the pins, bushings, floats, ribs and step, builds the churn, and makes butter.