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Graphite-Clay Crucible: Plumbago and Fireclay, the Battersea Works Way (Thorpe 1912)
T. E. Thorpe (ed.) · Public domain
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4. novembre 2026NO
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Graphite-Clay Crucible: Plumbago and Fireclay, the Battersea Works Way (Thorpe 1912)

A graphite (plumbago) crucible is a melting pot of graphite bound with clay: fine grained, it stands the highest heats and sudden changes of temperature, and Thorpe counts it of great value for melting metals. Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry (1912) gives the Battersea works process: Ceylon plumbago ground, sifted and digested with dilute sulphuric acid to take out most of its iron, kneaded with about its own weight of fine fireclay, pugged, cut into blocks, pugged again, thrown on a wheel or moulded, dried and baked in saggars. Acid strength, sizes and baking heat are not given. Source: Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. II (1912), CRUCIBLES, p. 170. Picture: that paragraph.
Intermedio
Several days with drying and baking

Istruzioni

1

Read Thorpe

"Hand-picked Ceylon plumbago is ground, sifted, digested with dilute sulphuric acid to remove the greater part of the iron, and mixed and kneaded to a stiff paste, with about an equal weight of fine fireclay."
2

Grind and clean the plumbago

Pick over the plumbago by hand, grind it and sift it. Digest it with dilute sulphuric acid to remove the greater part of its iron, which would otherwise pass into the melt; the strength and time are not given.

Materiali per questo passaggio:

Grafite naturale (piombaggine)Grafite naturale (piombaggine)1 half by weight

Strumenti necessari:

Mulino macinatoreMulino macinatore
VaglioVaglio
Acido solforico diluitoAcido solforico diluito
AcquaAcqua
Guanti in nitrileGuanti in nitrile
Occhiali di sicurezzaOcchiali di sicurezza
3

Knead with fireclay and pug

Mix the plumbago with about an equal weight of fine fireclay and knead it with water to a stiff paste. Pass it through a pug mill and cut the column into blocks. Pass the blocks through the mill again when you are ready to make crucibles.

Materiali per questo passaggio:

Argilla refrattariaArgilla refrattaria1 half by weight
AcquaAcqua1 to a stiff paste

Strumenti necessari:

Bilancia digitale di precisioneBilancia digitale di precisione
Molazza a vite (impastatrice per argilla)Molazza a vite (impastatrice per argilla)
4

Form the crucibles

Make the crucibles by hand on a wheel, or mould them. Sizes are not given (unknown).

Strumenti necessari:

Tornio da vasaioTornio da vasaio
Dimensioni sconosciuteDimensioni sconosciute
5

Dry and bake in saggars

Dry the crucibles, then bake them inside saggars. To slow the burning out of the graphite in use, a crucible may be dipped in a paste of clay and a solution of borax.

Strumenti necessari:

Cassetta refrattariaCassetta refrattaria
FornaceFornace
Borace in polvereBorace in polvere
6

History and honest limits

Thorpe notes that graphite crucibles are of great value for melting metals but little used for assaying, that the graphite is slowly burnt by metal oxides and furnace gases, and that iron left in the graphite can pass into the metal. He also gives Digby's 1893 mixture of coarse and fine plumbago, Russian clay, china-stone and gas carbon, a different route. The acid strength and time, the sizes and the baking heat are not given; refractory clay stands for his fine fireclay.

Materiali

3

Strumenti richiesti

13

Questo progetto realizza

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Segnaposto

Crogiolo grafite-argilla

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