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Venetian Borax: Refining Tincal with Lime
Native borax, tincal, came to Europe from the dried lake shores of Tibet and India coated in an earthy, soapy fat. Venice, then the Dutch, refined it in secret: the refined salt was called Venetian borax. One of their methods is recorded by Knapp, as Muspratt gives it in 1860: soften the tincal with water and a little slaked lime, wash it clean, dissolve it hot with a little chloride of calcium to take out the last of the soap, then crystallise it in lead-lined wooden cones. Borax is the flux of brazing and soldering.
中級者
Several days
手順
1
1
Weigh the tincal and the additions
Weigh the tincal and the additions
Weigh the tincal, about 1 per cent of its weight of slaked lime, and about 2 per cent of chloride of calcium (step 7 works it out for 10 kg).
このステップの材料:
チンカル（粗ホウ砂）10 kg
消石灰（水酸化カルシウム）100 g
塩化カルシウム200 g必要な工具:
天秤ばかり2
2
Soften it with water and lime
Soften it with water and lime
Soften the tincal in a small quantity of cold water in a wooden tub, and stir it about while adding the slaked lime little by little.
このステップの材料:
水1 as required必要な工具:
木製のたらい
木のかい
化学薬品飛沫用ゴーグル
ゴム手袋3
3
Wash it several times
Wash it several times
Pour off the turbid lime-water. Let the impurities settle out of it, then pour the clear liquid back over the crystals. Repeat this several times; it takes away the greater part of the soapy crust.
必要な工具:
木製のたらい木のかい4
4
Dissolve hot with chloride of calcium
Dissolve hot with chloride of calcium
Dissolve the washed crystals in hot water and add the chloride of calcium. It turns what soap remains into an insoluble lime soap (and common salt); strain that off.
このステップの材料:
水1 as required
木炭1 as required必要な工具:
蒸発鍋
木炭炉
こし器木のかい化学薬品飛沫用ゴーグルゴム手袋5
5
Boil down to 21 degrees Baumé
Boil down to 21 degrees Baumé
Evaporate the clear liquid to 21 degrees Baumé, a specific gravity of 1.17, checking with a hydrometer.
このステップの材料:
木炭1 as required必要な工具:
蒸発鍋木炭炉
比重計6
6
Crystallise in lead-lined cones
Crystallise in lead-lined cones
Run the liquor into wooden vessels lined with lead and shaped as short inverted cones, and let it crystallise. Any deposit collects in the narrow lower part and does not spoil the crystals. Knapp adds that a little tincal stirred in before this last crystallisation keeps the crystals from splitting and flying off the work when heated for soldering.
必要な工具:
結晶槽
鉛板7
7
Knapp's additions, per 10 kg
Knapp's additions, per 10 kg
Jupyter ノートブックを読み込み中…
8
8
Powder it for flux
Powder it for flux
Take out the crystals, dry them and grind them in a mortar to a powder for use as flux. Keep it covered: in dry air borax slowly loses water and turns opaque on the surface.
必要な工具:
乳鉢と乳棒9
9
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Borax refining troubleshooting.
Flow
Loading...
10
10
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
Muspratt (1860) gives Knapp's two known methods of the secret Venetian and Dutch refining; this is the lime method. The other washed the powdered tincal with caustic soda lye and added carbonate of soda. By Muspratt's time most borax was made instead from the boracic acid of Tuscany and carbonate of soda. Knapp's per cent figures do not say of what; we take them as per cent of the tincal. Grinding the crystals to powder is ours.
材料
5- 10 kgプレースホルダー
- 100 gプレースホルダー
- 200 gプレースホルダー
- 2 as requiredプレースホルダー
- 1 as requiredプレースホルダー
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