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Air Thermometer: Blackened Tin Box and Water U-Tube (Boy Mechanic, 1913)
The Boy Mechanic, Book 1 (1913), p. 153, public domain · Public domain
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14. Novemba 2026DK
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Air Thermometer: Blackened Tin Box and Water U-Tube (Boy Mechanic, 1913)

A sensitive air thermometer: a small sealed tin box, blackened on its face, breathes through a brass tube into a bent glass U-tube holding a little water; warmth on the box expands the air and pushes the water up the scale.
Kati
Two hours

Maagizo

1

Read the Boy Mechanic

"This instrument will measure the amount of heat given by a candle some 20 or 30 ft. away."
2

Seal the box

Take a small tin box about 1-1/4 in deep and 2 in across. Solder a 1 in piece of 1/4 in brass tube into its side, then solder the cover on so air can only escape through the tube.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Kopo la batiKopo la bati1 kipande
Neli ya shaba nyeupeNeli ya shaba nyeupe1 kipande
Lehemu ya bati na risasiLehemu ya bati na risasi1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Chuma cha kulehemiaChuma cha kulehemia
Kekee cha mkonoKekee cha mkono
3

Bend the glass tube

Take 1/4 in glass tube at least 18 in long and bend it into a U as in the figure by holding it across a broad flame until it sags under its own weight. Join it to the brass tube with a short rubber hose, bound with fine copper wire if loose.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Mrija wa kiooMrija wa kioo1 kipande
Bomba la MpiraBomba la Mpira1 kipande
Waya wa ShabaWaya wa Shaba1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Taa ya spiriti (kichomea pombe)Taa ya spiriti (kichomea pombe)
4

Stand and base

Make the standard from No. 10 wire about 10 in long on an oak base, with a No. 14 wire soldered across it and bent round the brass tube and the glass tube.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Waya wa chuma uliovutwa kwa bambaWaya wa chuma uliovutwa kwa bamba1 kipande
Ubao wa mwaloni mweupeUbao wa mwaloni mweupe1 kipande
Lehemu ya bati na risasiLehemu ya bati na risasi1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Koleo la Mdomo BapaKoleo la Mdomo Bapa
Chuma cha kulehemiaChuma cha kulehemia
Kekee cha mkono chenye nchaKekee cha mkono chenye ncha
5

Blacken and fill

Smoke the bottom of the box black over a little burning cotton soaked in turpentine (after any painting of the rest). Put water in the U-tube with a dropper and paint a scale on the glass.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Masizi ya taaMasizi ya taa1 kipande
Rangi nyeusiRangi nyeusi1 kipande
Maji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvukeMaji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvuke1 kipande
6

Troubleshooting

Air thermometer troubleshooting.

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7

History and honest limits

From **The Boy Mechanic, Book 1** (Popular Mechanics, 1913), pp. 152-153, by J. Thos. Rhamstine (checked on the archive.org scan boymechanic0000unse_n5a8). It shows relative warmth, not degrees. He also mentions etching the scale with hydrofluoric acid; we use paint only. The spirit lamp in place of a gas jet is ours.

Vifaa

11

Zana Zinazohitajika

5

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Silk-Thread Hygrometer with a Magnifying Sag and Pointer (Boy Mechanic, 1913)

Silk-Thread Hygrometer with a Magnifying Sag and Pointer (Boy Mechanic, 1913)

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