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Aluminium Oxide Abrasive Grit: Alundum by Jacobs's Process (Stansfield, 1914)
Alfred Stansfield · Public domain (published 1914)
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4. Novemba 2026DE
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Aluminium Oxide Abrasive Grit: Alundum by Jacobs's Process (Stansfield, 1914)

Alundum, the artificial corundum made at Niagara Falls by the Norton Company: bauxite, calcined to drive off its water, is fused in an electric arc furnace with about 5 per cent carbon, which reduces its iron, silicon and titanium to metal nodules; the fused alumina cools slowly into a hard crystalline mass that is crushed and sized as abrasive grit. Bauxite melts near 2,000 °C and could not be melted commercially without the electric furnace. Source: A. Stansfield, The Electric Furnace, 2nd ed. (1914), pp. 357-358. Picture: the book's Fig. 143, the Higgins alundum furnace.
Juu
Unknown

Maagizo

1

Calcine the bauxite

Calcine the bauxite in a rotary kiln to drive off its combined water.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

BoksitiBoksiti1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru linalozungukaTanuru linalozunguka
2

Fuse in the arc furnace

Strike arcs between the electrodes and the carbon lining of the furnace bottom, then feed the calcined bauxite, with about 5 per cent carbon, in round the arcs; it melts and in time carries the current between the two arcs. Lower the water-cooled shell as the fused alundum builds up; the lower part solidifies as it fills.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

KaboniKaboni1 about 5 per cent

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru la tao la umemeTanuru la tao la umeme
3

Cool slowly

When the shell is full, lift it with its contents off the base, put another shell in place, and let the alundum cool slowly so it grows into a hard, tough crystalline mass.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru la tao la umemeTanuru la tao la umeme
4

Crush, separate and size

Break up and crush the mass, separate the nodules of reduced metal mechanically, and size the grains for use as an abrasive.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kiponda maweKiponda mawe
Seti ya chekecheke (matundu ya viwango)Seti ya chekecheke (matundu ya viwango)

Vifaa

2
  • 1
    Boksiti
    1 kipande
    Kishikilia Nafasi
  • 2
    Kaboni
    1 about 5 per cent
    Kishikilia Nafasi

Zana Zinazohitajika

4

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Kishikilia nafasi

Changarawe ya kusugua ya oksidi ya alumini

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