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Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid from Benzaldehyde and Strong Potash (Cannizzaro, Gattermann 1914)
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Charlie

4. Novemba 2026DE
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Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid from Benzaldehyde and Strong Potash (Cannizzaro, Gattermann 1914)

Strong potash splits benzaldehyde in two: half is reduced to benzyl alcohol, half oxidised to benzoic acid (as potassium benzoate). 20 g of benzaldehyde gives about 8 g of benzyl alcohol, boiling at 206 °C; the benzoic acid is thrown down with hydrochloric acid. Not given: the volumes of water and ether, the amount of hydrochloric acid and the benzoic acid yield. Source: L. Gattermann, Practical Methods of Organic Chemistry (1914 ed.), Reaction 25, pp. 303-304. Picture: our drawing.
Kati
1 night plus a few hours

Maagizo

1

Shake with strong potash

Dissolve 18 g of potassium hydroxide in 12 g of water and let it cool. Put 20 g of benzaldehyde in a stoppered cylinder or other thick-walled vessel, add the cold potash and shake until a lasting emulsion forms.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

BenzaldehaidiBenzaldehaidi1 20 g
Hidroksidi ya potasiamuHidroksidi ya potasiamu1 18 g
MajiMaji1 12 g

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya kupimia uzitoMizani ya kupimia uzito
Silinda ya kupimiaSilinda ya kupimia
Vizibo vya mziboVizibo vya mzibo
2

Stand overnight

Close the vessel with a cork, not a glass stopper (a glass stopper can stick fast), and let it stand overnight. A crystalline paste of potassium benzoate separates.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Silinda ya kupimiaSilinda ya kupimia
Vizibo vya mziboVizibo vya mzibo
3

Extract with ether

Add water until the paste dissolves to a clear solution. Shake it out several times with ether to take up the benzyl alcohol, keeping the watery alkaline layer for the benzoic acid.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

MajiMaji1 amount not given
Dietili ethaDietili etha1 amount not given

Zana zinazohitajika:

Faneli ya kutenganishaFaneli ya kutenganisha
Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
4

Distil the benzyl alcohol

Evaporate the ether and distil the residue. Benzyl alcohol passes over at 206 °C. Yield: about 8 g.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Bafu la MajiBafu la Maji
Chupa ya Kioo ya KunerekaChupa ya Kioo ya Kunereka
Kondensa ya kupozwa kwa majiKondensa ya kupozwa kwa maji
KipimajotoKipimajoto
Kichomeo cha BunsenKichomeo cha Bunsen
5

Precipitate the benzoic acid

Acidify the alkaline solution with hydrochloric acid; benzoic acid is thrown down. Filter it off.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Asidi hidroklorikiAsidi hidrokloriki1 amount not given

Zana zinazohitajika:

Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
Faneli ya Kioo Yenye BombaFaneli ya Kioo Yenye Bomba
Karatasi ya KuchujaKaratasi ya Kuchuja

Vifaa

5

Zana Zinazohitajika

12

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Asidi benzoiki

Free

10
0
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Pombe ya Benzili

Free

21
0
1

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