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Bismuth: Sweated Out of Native Ore in Inclined Iron Tubes, the Schneeberg Way (Thorpe, 1912)
E. Thorpe (ed.) · Public domain
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4. Novemba 2026DE
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Bismuth: Sweated Out of Native Ore in Inclined Iron Tubes, the Schneeberg Way (Thorpe, 1912)

The old way of getting bismuth from ore that holds it as the metal: heat the lumps just enough in sloping iron tubes and the bismuth, which melts easily, runs out of the rock into pots under charcoal. It takes 30-60 minutes a charge but gets only about two-thirds of the metal. Not given: the furnace temperature. Source: E. Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. I (1912), Bismuth, p. 458. Picture: Thorpe's Fig. 1, the furnace in plan.
Kati
30-60 minutes per charge

Maagizo

1

Pick and break the ore

Sort the ore (7-12 % bismuth) by hand from the waste rock as far as possible and break it into pieces the size of a hazel nut.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Madini asilia ya bismuthiMadini asilia ya bismuthi1 12 cwt per tube charge

Zana zinazohitajika:

NyundoNyundo
Mizani ya jukwaa ya kiwandaMizani ya jukwaa ya kiwanda
2

Charge the tubes

Load about 12 cwt into each inclined iron tube of the furnace, leaving room to stir from the upper end. Close the upper ends with iron plates and the lower ends with plates pierced with round holes. Under each lower end stand an iron pot holding powdered charcoal, kept gently warm by a small charcoal fire.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

MkaaMkaa1 powdered, in the pots and for the pot fire

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru ya kuyeyusha bismuthiTanuru ya kuyeyusha bismuthi
Kalibu ya chumaKalibu ya chuma
3

Sweat out the bismuth

Fire the furnace with wood so that the metal flows easily. In about 10 minutes the bismuth begins to run into the pots, where the charcoal covers it from the air. Stir the ore now and then with an iron rod from the upper end; in 30-60 minutes the charge is done. 20 cwt of ore burns about 63 cubic feet of wood.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

KuniKuni1 about 63 cu ft per 20 cwt of ore

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru ya kuyeyusha bismuthiTanuru ya kuyeyusha bismuthi
Fimbo ya chumaFimbo ya chuma
4

Rake out and recharge

Rake the spent ore (bismuth barley) out of the upper end into the tank and refill at once with fresh ore.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Reki ya chumaReki ya chuma
Tanuru ya kuyeyusha bismuthiTanuru ya kuyeyusha bismuthi
5

Cast ingots

Ladle the bismuth from the pots into moulds and cast ingots of 25-50 lb.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kalibu ya chumaKalibu ya chuma
Upawa wa kusubu chumaUpawa wa kusubu chuma
Kalibu ya kutupa madiniKalibu ya kutupa madini

Vifaa

3
  • 1
    Madini asilia ya bismuthi
    1 12 cwt per tube charge
    Kishikilia Nafasi
  • 2
    Mkaa
    1 powdered, in the pots and for the pot fire
    Kishikilia Nafasi
  • 3
    Kuni
    1 about 63 cu ft per 20 cwt of ore
    Kishikilia Nafasi

Zana Zinazohitajika

8

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