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VAZI
Anti-Reflection Coating
Katharine Blodgett at General Electric, working with Irving Langmuir, learned to build soap-like films one molecule-thick layer at a time. Stacking just enough layers onto glass, she made it nearly invisible: light reflected from the top of the film and from the glass beneath cancelled out.
**US 2,220,861**, "Reduction of surface reflection", Blodgett, assigned to General Electric, filed 16. June 1938, granted 5. November 1940: a coating whose "optical thickness … corresponds at least approximately to a quarter wave length of visible light" and whose refractive index is "intermediate" between air and the glass.
**You measure the reflection a coating removes**, design one in a notebook, and watch quarter-wave interference happen in a soap film.
Mwanzo
90 minutes
Maagizo
1
1
Measure bare glass
Measure bare glass
Clip the solar cell to the multimeter (DC mA). In a dim room shine the laser straight onto the cell and note the current. Then bounce the beam off a clean microscope slide, close to perpendicular, onto the cell. Note that current. Never look along the beam.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Vioo vya darubini na vifuniko1 paketi
Solar Cell Mini - 350mV1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Kielekezi cha Leza
Kipima-umeme cha aina nyingi
Alligator to Alligator Cables2
2
Mix a film solution
Mix a film solution
Stir 1 part detergent and 1 part glycerin into 10 parts water in a jar. Bend copper wire into a 60 mm loop with a handle.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Sabuni laini20 ml
Glaiserini (ya mimea)20 ml
Waya wa Shaba1 mitaZana zinazohitajika:
Chupa ya Kioo
Seti ya makoleo3
3
Watch a film thin
Watch a film thin
Dip the loop and hold it upright in front of black card, lit by a window behind you. Colour bands slide down as the film drains; at the top a black band appears - a film too thin to reflect.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Kadi nzito nyeusi1 karatasi4
4
Fresnel, coating design, soap film
Fresnel, coating design, soap film
Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
5
5
History & Context
History & Context
**What the patent specifies:** a surface layer of quarter-wave optical thickness with a refractive index between those of the surrounding medium and the glass. **Modern build (derived):** measurement and design only - production coatings are evaporated in vacuum.
Blodgett's stearate films were too soft to wipe clean. Alexander Smakula at Zeiss had developed coatings evaporated in vacuum in 1935; that durable route won, and today almost every camera lens and eyeglass is coated, often with many layers. Their limits: a single layer is perfect at only one wavelength, and coatings scratch.
Vifaa
6- 1 paketiKishikilia Nafasi
- Solar Cell Mini - 350mVKamisheni 10%1 kipande$2.22
- 20 mlKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 1 mitaKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 karatasiKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
5- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Alligator to Alligator CablesKamisheni 10%$3.58
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Jumla inayokadiriwa
Kile mtengenezaji alinunua. Malighafi zisizo na bei hupatikana pale unaponunua.
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
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