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Borosilicate Glass Tube and Rod: the Vello Process
Laboratory borosilicate glass is about 80% silica, 13% boric oxide, 4% sodium or potassium oxide and 2–3% alumina, melted from boric oxide, silica sand, soda ash and alumina. It melts hotter than ordinary glass. Tube and rod are drawn continuously from the melt. In the Vello process, which L. Sanches-Vello developed in France in 1929, the glass flows down through a ring-shaped opening between the feeder's outlet nozzle and a hollow needle, and air blown through the needle keeps the tube open. The tube sags from vertical to horizontal, runs along a roller track to the drawing machine, and is cut into pieces about 1.5 m long. The nozzle runs cooler than in the older Danner process, which suits glass with volatile borates. Without the needle, the same feeder makes rod.
Juu
Factory process
Maagizo
1
1
Melt the batch
Melt the batch
Melt silica sand, boric oxide, soda ash and alumina in proportions giving about 80% silica, 13% boric oxide, 4% alkali oxide and 2–3% alumina.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Mchanga wa Kwatzi1 as required
Oksidi ya boroni1 as required
Kabonati ya Sodiamu (Majivu ya Soda)1 as required
Unga wa alumina (oksidi ya alumini)1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Tanuri ya kuyeyusha kioo2
2
Draw through the Vello feeder
Draw through the Vello feeder
Let the glass run through the annular opening between the feeder's outlet nozzle and the height-adjustable hollow needle. Blow compressed air through the needle to inflate the tube. Set the needle slightly off-centre so the wall comes out even after the bend. For rod, run without the needle; the diameter is set by the nozzle and the drawing speed.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kilishi cha kuvuta mirija cha Vello3
3
Bend, draw and cut
Bend, draw and cut
Let the tube sag from vertical to horizontal, draw it along the roller track to the drawing machine, and cut it into pieces about 1.5 m long. Vello tube can be made from 1.5 to 70 mm in diameter.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Njia ya roli na mashine ya kuvutaVifaa
4- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
3- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
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