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Hinged-Float Double-Dasher Churn: Floats That Close Going Down and Fall Open Coming Up
William Campbell · Public domain
Buttercup

Imeundwa na

Buttercup

10. Novemba 2026IE
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Hinged-Float Double-Dasher Churn: Floats That Close Going Down and Fall Open Coming Up

William Campbell of Waterloo, Pennsylvania, received US 25,383, dated 13 September 1859, for a dasher head made of perforated floats hinged in a frame. A lever on top of a removable partition works two dashers, one in each half of a box; as one goes down the other comes up. Going down, the cream presses the floats shut and the head fills the box's end; coming up, they fall open so the cream does not spatter over the top. Moving one shaft nearer the pivot shortens its stroke, and the butter gathers round it. Campbell gives no sizes; every size here is ours.
Kati
About 2 days

Maagizo

1

Long stroke, short stroke

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

A lever working two dashers, before it

Campbell knew a lever with two dashers was not new. What he added were the hinged, perforated floats.
3

Read US 25,383

"The descending dasher has its floats F, closed by the resistance of the cream. As the dasher head fills the end of the box, the cream is partly driven downward into the opposite end of the churn. Some of the milk rises through the perforations in the descending dasher; then upon the return stroke of lever C the milk takes the opposite course."
4

Box A with legs

From 20 mm hardwood cut a bottom 540 x 290 mm, two sides 540 x 400 mm and two ends 250 x 400 mm. In each side's inner face, in the middle, cut a groove 19 mm wide and 6 mm deep from top to bottom for the partition. Glue and screw the ends between the sides and the box onto the bottom. Drill an 18 mm hole low in each end for the buttermilk and shape two tapered hardwood plugs to fit. Screw four legs of 70 mm timber, 300 mm long, under the corners. Fill the box with water overnight so it swells tight, then empty it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu3 vipande
Mbao laini za 70x70 mmMbao laini za 70x70 mm1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao30 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
PatasiPatasi
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Kibano cha upauKibano cha upau
Kipima pembe cha nyuzi tisiniKipima pembe cha nyuzi tisini
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
MajiMaji
5

Partition B

Cut an 18 mm hardwood partition 261 x 400 mm to slide down the grooves, with a post 60 mm wide rising 170 mm above it. Drill four rows of six 16 mm holes across its lower end, as Fig. 3 draws, the lowest row 25 mm up. Saw a 24 mm slot 50 mm deep in the top of the post and bore a 12.6 mm hole across it 150 mm above the box for the lever's pin.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
PatasiPatasi
6

Dasher heads with hinged floats F

For each head make a hardwood frame 230 x 230 mm of 12 mm strips with a 12 mm bar across the middle and a block on top of the bar for the shaft's pin. Cut two floats 95 x 204 mm from 10 mm hardwood and drill each with three rows of five 14 mm holes. Hinge each float on the middle bar with stainless wire through drilled knuckles so its outer edge can fall open and rises against the frame's top lip when the head goes down.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Waya wa chuma cha puaWaya wa chuma cha pua1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao8 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
7

Lever C, shafts D and E, cover G

Make the lever from hardwood 40 x 22 mm, 1,000 mm long, with its pivot hole 300 mm from the short end, a hole for shaft D 230 mm from the pivot on the long arm, and on the short arm a hole for E 230 mm out and a second hole c 150 mm out. Pin it into the post's slot with a 12 mm stainless rod. Cut shafts D and E from 22 mm dowel, 450 mm between pin centres, slot their ends and pin them to the lever and to the heads' blocks with 6 mm stainless bolts. Make cover G for the D end from 15 mm hardwood with a 30 mm slot for shaft D.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Fimbo ya chuma cha puaFimbo ya chuma cha pua1 kipande
Mkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sitaMkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sita4 vipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni4 vipande
Washa bapaWasha bapa4 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
8

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, one side cut away: the box on its legs, the partition perforated low with its post, the lever on its pin, shafts D and E down to their heads, each head a frame with two perforated floats, the cover over the D end, and the plugs. Checked over 12 degrees each way with E in either hole.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
9

Churn, then gather

Plug both ends and pour about 15 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C into the box, checked with the thermometer. Rock the lever steadily, timing it. When butter begins to form, unpin shaft E and pin it in hole c, and go on rocking: the butter gathers round E and rises above its head in the open end. Lift it out, draw the buttermilk off at the plugs, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it. To clean, pour in hot water, give a few strokes and lift the dashers and partition out to dry.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito15 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
10

Troubleshooting

Hinged-float churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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11

History and honest limits

**William Campbell** of Waterloo, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, US 25,383, 13 September 1859, "Churn". He claimed the perforated and hinged floats F as an improvement in dasher heads. He knew divided boxes and a lever working two dashers were not new, and that perforated dashers hinged to a central partition had been used in swinging churns. He gives no sizes, so every size here is ours. He set the shafts obliquely into the heads; ours are pinned at both ends so the heads stay level between the walls.

Vifaa

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Zana Zinazohitajika

19

Faili za muundo

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