SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Charcoal Air Furnace for Crucibles, Drawn by a Chimney
The chemist's furnace for melting in crucibles needs no bellows: a firebrick box closed on every side, air entering only under the grate, and a tall chimney to draw it through the burning charcoal. George Fownes (1856) describes it; a sliding damper in the flue sets the heat, from dull red upward.
The picture: a 16th-century assay workshop woodcut with wind furnaces, one on a tripod, for melting silver in crucibles (Deutsche Fotothek).
Kati
Two days, plus drying
Maagizo
1
1
Fireclay mortar
Fireclay mortar
Mix fireclay and fine sand with water to a stiff, smooth mortar (our mix: about one part clay to one of sand).
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Udongo Unaostahimili Moto10 kg
Mchanga laini10 kg
Maji8 litaZana zinazohitajika:
Ndoo
Mwiko mdogo wa bustani2
2
Ash pit and grate
Ash pit and grate
Lay a level firebrick base and build a low ash pit with an opening at the front. Forge bars from wrought iron rod and set them across the top as the grate, a finger's width apart.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Matofali yanayostahimili moto20 vipande
Fito ya chuma cha kufua2 mZana zinazohitajika:
Mwiko mdogo wa bustani
Rulani ya Maji
Fua ya mhunzi
Nyundo yenye kichwa cha msalaba3
3
Fire box
Fire box
Build a square box of firebricks on the grate, wide enough for a crucible with a hand's width of charcoal all round, and tall enough to cover it. Joint every brick thinly with the fireclay mortar.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Matofali yanayostahimili moto40 vipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Mwiko mdogo wa bustaniRulani ya Maji4
4
Flue, chimney and damper
Flue, chimney and damper
Lead a flue out near the top into a tall chimney pipe. Fit an iron sliding plate across the flue as a damper. Close the top with a loose firebrick lid.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Bomba la dohani1 kipande
Bamba la chuma (lililofuliwa)1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Mwiko mdogo wa bustani5
5
Dry and first fire
Dry and first fire
Let the mortar dry for days, then light a small charcoal fire and raise it slowly over an hour or two so the joints do not crack.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Mkaa10 kgZana zinazohitajika:
Glavu Zinazostahimili Joto6
6
Draught from the chimney
Draught from the chimney
Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
7
7
Limits
Limits
The principle and the damper are Fownes's; the sizes, the mortar mix and the draught formula's working figures are ours. Charcoal fires make carbon monoxide: work outdoors or under a good chimney.
Vifaa
8- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 10 kgKishikilia Nafasi
- 8 litaKishikilia Nafasi
- 40 vipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 10 kgKishikilia Nafasi
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