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Trundle-and-Pitman Churn: One Crank Turns the Dasher Staff and Lifts It Up and Down at Once
E. L. Dorsey (USPTO drawing) · Public domain
Martin

Imeundwa na

Martin

9. Novemba 2026NO
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Trundle-and-Pitman Churn: One Crank Turns the Dasher Staff and Lifts It Up and Down at Once

Edward L. Dorsey of Greenwood, Indiana, received US 23,556, dated 12 April 1859, for giving a churn's dashers two motions at once. A crank turns a wheel with teeth on its face. The teeth work between the rounds of a trundle (lantern) wheel on the dasher staff and turn it, while a pin on the same wheel works a pitman that lifts and drops the staff. The staff carries a round dasher at its foot and an armed whipping dasher above; the up-and-down dasher keeps the cream from simply swirling round. This rung builds it in wood and steel rod on a square food container.
Kati
About 8 hours

Maagizo

1

Two motions from one crank

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

A crank that lifts the dasher, before it

Rarey's crank only lifted the dasher. Dorsey's turns it as well, from the same wheel.
3

Read US 23,556

"... the teeth of wheel H work between the rounds n, n, n, of trundle wheel C, and give a circular motion to the said dashers. Thus the staff and dashers have two distinct motions—a vertical reciprocating and a rotary motion."
4

Body A, top and upright B

Use a square food-grade container about 300 x 300 x 320 mm. Cut an 18 mm plywood top 340 mm square with a 24 mm hole in the middle for the staff, and screw two cleats underneath so it sits square on the rim. Screw a hardwood upright B 44 x 44 mm, 300 mm tall, to the top, its near face 110 mm from the hole, and bore it 12.5 mm square to the top, 260 mm above it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Chombo cha kuhifadhi cha daraja la chakulaChombo cha kuhifadhi cha daraja la chakula1 kipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande
Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao10 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
5

Wheel H and shaft I

Cut an 18 mm plywood disc 300 mm across. Drill 36 holes 8 mm across, evenly round a 280 mm circle, and glue in 8 mm hardwood dowels standing 16 mm proud of the front face as the teeth. Drill an 8 mm hole 45 mm from the centre and press in an 8 mm steel pin 16 mm proud as pin o. Glue a hardwood hub 60 mm across on the back. Fix a 12 mm stainless rod through hub and disc with an M4 screw across as shaft I, pass it through the upright, and fix a hardwood crank D 132 mm long with a dowel handle on its far end.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Fimbo ya chuma cha puaFimbo ya chuma cha pua1 kipande
Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Skrubu za mashineSkrubu za mashine2 vipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni2 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
6

Staff E, trundle C and dashers

Cut two hardwood heads M 74 mm across and 6 mm thick, bore each 20 mm in the middle and drill 8 holes 8 mm across on a 62 mm circle; glue in 8 dowel rounds n 116 mm long. Cut a 20 mm hardwood dowel 594 mm long as staff E and drill an 8.5 mm hole across it 14 mm below its top. Cut dasher J, an 18 mm plywood disc 200 mm across with six 28 mm holes, and dasher K, two plywood arms 230 x 24 mm halved into a cross. Glue J on the staff's foot, K 112 mm above it and the trundle where its middle meets the teeth with the staff halfway up its stroke.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya misumeno ya duaraSeti ya misumeno ya duara
VibanoVibano
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
7

Pitman F

Bend an 8 mm stainless rod in the vise: a small eye at one end to go on pin o, then a straight length 80 mm from the eye's centre to a right-angle bend, then a leg 56 mm long that goes across through the hole in the staff's top as the pivot. Put the staff in through the top, set the eye on pin o with a washer and lock nut, and push the leg through the staff.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Fimbo ya chuma cha puaFimbo ya chuma cha pua1 kipande
Washa bapaWasha bapa1 kipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
8

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the near half of the container cut away: the top and upright, wheel H with its dowel teeth and pin o, shaft I and crank D, the pitman bent into the staff's top, trundle C, and dashers K and J. It was checked for clashes at 12 crank positions through a full turn.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
9

Churn

Lift the top, pour in about 12 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, and set the top back. Turn the crank steadily and time it: the dashers turn and rise and fall together. When the butter comes, lift the top and staff out, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito12 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
10

Troubleshooting

Trundle-and-pitman churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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11

History and honest limits

**Edward L. Dorsey** of Greenwood, Johnson County, Indiana, US 23,556, 12 April 1859, "Churn". He found it best in a square box, the rising and falling lower dasher checking the swirl the upper one gives. He claimed the trundle wheel, staff, pitman and cog wheel together. He gave no sizes or materials: every size and material here is ours.

Vifaa

13

Zana Zinazohitajika

18

Faili za muundo

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