SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Equal-Arm Balance on a Knife Edge, with a Set of Brass Weights
The oldest weighing machine is a beam with equal arms balanced on a pivot, a pan hanging from each end: put the load in one pan and known weights in the other until the beam lies level. Balances go back to the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. A hardened knife edge makes it sensitive and a long pointer shows the smallest tilt; the weights are cast in brass and adjusted against each other.
The picture: our diagram of the balance, its knife edge, pointer, pans and weights.
Kati
Two to three days
Maagizo
1
1
Beam and knife edge
Beam and knife edge
File a straight beam from flat tool steel with a hole exactly in the middle and one near each end, the two end holes equally far from the centre. Forge and file a short steel knife edge, harden and temper it, and fit it through the centre hole, edge down. File a long pointer onto the beam.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Kipande bapa cha feleji ya zana1 kipandeZana zinazohitajika:
Tupa ya chuma
Kekee cha mkono
Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6
Fua ya mhunzi
Ndoo ya kupoza chuma
Miwani ya usalama2
2
Stand and bearing
Stand and bearing
Make an upright stand of hardwood with a hardened steel V-block on top, shallower than the knife edge, so the beam rocks freely. Mark a zero line behind the pointer.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Utepe wa mbao gumu2 vipande
Ufito wa chuma laini0.3 mZana zinazohitajika:
Tupa ya chumaFua ya mhunziNdoo ya kupoza chuma3
3
Pans
Pans
Cut two equal brass discs, dish them slightly, drill three holes in each rim and hang each from an end hole on three equal cords.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Bamba la Shaba ya Njano1 kipande
Uzi wa kitani wenye nta3 mZana zinazohitajika:
Mkasi wa batiKekee cha mkonoTupa ya chuma4
4
Trim to level
Trim to level
With both pans empty, file the heavier side until the pointer rests on zero. Swap the pans and check again: if the pointer moves, the arms are unequal and the end holes need moving.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Tupa ya chuma5
5
Cast the weights
Cast the weights
Melt brass and cast a row of plain cylinders a little heavy in green sand.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Kitofali cha shaba nyeupe2 kg
Mkaa1 as required
Mchanga wa kusubu5 kgZana zinazohitajika:
Fua ya mhunzi
Kaure ya Udongo Mgumu wa Moto
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
Kasha la kuumbia (juu na chini)
Glavu za kulehemu6
6
Adjust the weights
Adjust the weights
Balance the largest weight against a litre of water measured in the cylinder (one kilogram, our reference), filing it down until the beam is level. Make the smaller ones by balancing pairs against a larger one and against each other, filing each to level.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Maji1 litaZana zinazohitajika:
Silinda yenye vipimoTupa ya chuma7
7
A binary set of weights
A binary set of weights
Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
8
8
Limits
Limits
The balance's form and use are as Wikipedia describes; the sizes and the water reference are ours. Water's density changes a little with temperature, so the reference is good to a few parts in a thousand.
Vifaa
9- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 2 vipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- 0.3 mKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 kipandeKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- 1 litaKishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
12- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Mchoro huu unatengeneza
Blueprint zinazohusiana
Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni
CC0 Umma Wote
Mchoro huu umetolewa chini ya CC0. Uko huru kunakili, kubadilisha, kusambaza, na kutumia kazi hii kwa madhumuni yoyote, bila kuomba ruhusa.
Saidia Mtengenezaji kwa kununua bidhaa kupitia Mchoro wao ambapo wanapata Kamisheni ya Mtengenezaji iliyowekwa na Wachuuzi, au unda marudio mapya ya Mchoro huu na uiunganishe kama kiungo katika Mchoro wako kuchangia mapato.