SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Equilateral Glass Prism: Sawn, Ground and Pitch-Polished
Frankford Arsenal, in F. E. Wright, The Manufacture of Optical Glass and of Optical Systems (1921), Fig. 77 · Public domain (US Government publication)
Charlie

Imeundwa na

Charlie

19. Oktoba 2026DE
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Equilateral Glass Prism: Sawn, Ground and Pitch-Polished

A prism splits white light into its colours, so its faces must be optically flat and its angles true. This is how the US arsenals ground prisms in 1918, as F. E. Wright recorded for the Ordnance Department in 1921: saw a blank from optical glass, rough-grind it on iron disks, set a batch of prisms in plaster, fine-grind, and polish on pitch with rouge. Wright's worked example is a right-angle prism; an equilateral prism has three 60° angles, made the same way. The picture: blocking prisms for rough grinding at Frankford Arsenal (Wright 1921, Fig. 77, public domain).
Juu
2-3 days

Maagizo

1

Saw out the blank

Saw a triangular blank from a block of optical glass with a diamond saw, using kerosene as lubricant. Leave several millimetres extra on each face for grinding.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Kioo cha OptikiKioo cha Optiki1 as required

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa AlmasiMsumeno wa Almasi
KerosiniKerosini
Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6
Miwani ya usalamaMiwani ya usalama
2

Rough-grind the faces

Grind one triangular end flat on a rotating iron disk with 90 or 150 mesh grit. Then rough out the three side faces at right angles to it, checking the 60° angles with an angle gauge.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Diski ya Chuma ya KusagiaDiski ya Chuma ya Kusagia
Seti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoniSeti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoni
Kipimo cha PembeKipimo cha Pembe
3

Grind the ends in a batch

Wax 20 or more prisms by their ground ends onto a heated iron disk and grind the other ends together: 90, 150, then 220 mesh, then smoothing grit. Change grit only when the surface is free of scratches. Regrind to the set thickness.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Diski ya Chuma ya KusagiaDiski ya Chuma ya Kusagia
Seti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoniSeti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoni
Nta ya parafiniNta ya parafini
Nta ya NyukiNta ya Nyuki
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6Kipima-unene cha dijitali cha inchi 6
4

Block the prisms in plaster

Set the prisms face down in melted paraffin on a flat iron disk and coat their backs with beeswax. Clamp a ring round them, fill with plaster of Paris and a little Portland cement (10 : 1), and let it harden about 16 hours. Cut the plaster back 1/8 in from the prisms and give it two coats of shellac.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
Nta ya parafiniNta ya parafini
Nta ya NyukiNta ya Nyuki
Plasta ya ParisPlasta ya Paris
Saruji ya PortlandSaruji ya Portland
Vidonge vya nta ya nyukiVidonge vya nta ya nyuki
5

Fine-grind

Grind the block on a slightly convex plate with wet flour emery (the part that settles out of water between 10 and 60 minutes). After five minutes check with a magnifier: the faces should have an even velvet finish, slightly hollow by less than 0.001 in.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Diski ya Chuma ya KusagiaDiski ya Chuma ya Kusagia
Seti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoniSeti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoni
Lupu ya KukuzaLupu ya Kukuza
6

Polish on pitch

Pour strained pitch with a little rosin 1/4 in deep on an iron tool and cut crossed grooves 1/8 in wide, 1 in apart. Press it true with a rouge-wetted flat. Polish the block with creamy rouge and water on the machine, usually 4–8 hours, running nearly dry at the end.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Lami nzito ya kuniLami nzito ya kuni
Ubani wa msonobariUbani wa msonobari
Rangi nyekundu ya sonaraRangi nyekundu ya sonara
Mashine ya Kung’arisha OptikiMashine ya Kung’arisha Optiki
7

Test for flatness

Lay an optical flat on each face and look at the Newton colours in sodium light (salt in a Bunsen flame). Straight bands to the edge, or one colour over the whole face, mean it is flat.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Uso bapa wa macho (rejea)Uso bapa wa macho (rejea)
Kichomeo cha BunsenKichomeo cha Bunsen
ChumviChumvi
Lupu ya KukuzaLupu ya Kukuza
8

Free, clean, check the angle, repeat

Break the plaster away, clean the prisms with benzene and check each angle with the angle gauge. Correct by hand on a flat tool with smoothing grit. Repeat blocking and polishing for every face, smallest face first.

Zana zinazohitajika:

NyundoNyundo
BenziniBenzini
Kipimo cha PembeKipimo cha Pembe
Diski ya Chuma ya KusagiaDiski ya Chuma ya Kusagia
Seti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoniSeti ya chembechembe za kusugua za kabidi ya silikoni

Vifaa

1

Zana Zinazohitajika

23

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Menyu ya kioo (yenye pande sawa)

Free

90
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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

Optical Glass: Borosilicate Crown Melted, Stirred and Cooled in the Pot
Hatari

Optical Glass: Borosilicate Crown Melted, Stirred and Cooled in the Pot

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Viwandani

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