SANAA
UREMBO NA USTAWI
UJANJA
UTAMADUNI NA HISTORIA
BURUDANI
MAZINGIRA
CHAKULA NA VINYWAJI
UHANDISI WA KINYUME
SAYANSI
MICHEZO
TEKNOLOJIA
VAZI
Ethanol 95 %: Wine Distilled, Rectified and Dried over Potash
Strong alcohol is wine distilled again and again. Andrew Ure (1839): simple redistillation over a water bath takes it to a specific gravity of 0.825, still about 11 % water; to go further, distil it over dry carbonate of potash, which holds back water. Stop at 95 % by volume, a hydrometer reading of about 0.81 at 20 °C.
The picture: a copper still over a brick fireplace in the distillery of the Westphalian Open-Air Museum, Hagen.
Juu
Two days
Maagizo
1
1
Distil the wine
Distil the wine
Fill the alembic two thirds with wine and distil slowly through the cooled coil. Throw away the first small runnings (our choice). Collect until what comes over no longer tastes of spirit: these are the low wines.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Divai10 lita
Maji1 as requiredZana zinazohitajika:
Alembiki ya shaba
Koili ya kifidishaji
Bikari ya kioo
Kizima moto2
2
Redistil over a water bath
Redistil over a water bath
Put the low wines in the retort, set it in a pot of water and heat the water, not the retort. Collect the spirit while the vapour stays under about 80 °C. Repeat until the hydrometer reads about 0.825, Ure's limit for plain redistillation.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Chombo cha kioo cha kuchemshia
Sufuria kubwa (ya chini, kwa maji ya moto)
Sahani ya Kupasha Joto
Kipimajoto cha maabaraKoili ya kifidishaji
Kipima-uzito wa majimajiKizima moto3
3
Dry the potash
Dry the potash
Heat the potassium carbonate in a crucible until it is quite dry and let it cool covered.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Kabonati ya potasiamu (potashi)200 gZana zinazohitajika:
Kaure ya Udongo Mgumu wa Moto
Tanuru la mkaa4
4
Distil over the potash
Distil over the potash
Stir the dry potash into the spirit in the retort; it takes up water and settles as a heavy lower layer. Distil again from the water bath and check each portion with the hydrometer.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Chombo cha kioo cha kuchemshiaSufuria kubwa (ya chini, kwa maji ya moto)Sahani ya Kupasha JotoKoili ya kifidishajiKipima-uzito wa majimaji
Miwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikaliKizima moto5
5
Keep it at 95 %
Keep it at 95 %
Keep the portions that read about 0.811 at 20 °C (95 % by volume) and bottle them stoppered; strong alcohol draws water from the air.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Kipima-uzito wa majimaji
Chupa za kioo zenye vizibo6
6
Reading the hydrometer
Reading the hydrometer
Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
7
7
Limits
Limits
The redistillation, the 0.825 limit and the potash are Ure's; the quantities, the 80 °C guide and throwing away the first runnings are ours. Densities from Wikipedia. The vapour burns: no open flame near the receiver.
Vifaa
3- 10 litaKishikilia Nafasi
- 1 as requiredKishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
Zana Zinazohitajika
13- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
- Kishikilia Nafasi
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