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Europium: Oxide Reduced with Lanthanum Turnings at 1200 °C in High Vacuum, Metal Distilled and Melted Down (Ames Laboratory, 1956)
Europium boils far more easily than lanthanum. Heated with lanthanum turnings in a high vacuum, europium oxide gives up its oxygen to the lanthanum and the europium distils off, to be melted down into a tantalum cup under argon.
Result: europium metal, over 90 % yield; it melts below 900 °C and reacts quickly with air and water.
Source: Ames Laboratory, Semi-annual summary research report in chemistry ISC-757 (1956), section 3.1.3. Work at 1200 °C in high vacuum; europium reacts with water. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Juu
2 days
Maagizo
1
1
Make the charge
Make the charge
Turn lanthanum into turnings and mix them with europium oxide, 5 % more lanthanum than the reaction needs. Compress the mixture into the tantalum reduction crucible. The charge weight is not given.
Vifaa kwa hatua hii:
Oksidi ya europi1 one chargeZana zinazohitajika:
Lanthanamu
Chombo cha kukata cha lathe
Mashine ya kubana ya haidroliki
Kalibu ya tantali2
2
Reduce and distil at about 1200 °C
Reduce and distil at about 1200 °C
Hang the reduction crucible on a wire inside a silica tube, inside an induction coil, above a tantalum crucible standing in a resistance furnace. Pump to a high vacuum and heat the charge to about 1200 °C. Europium distils off (it is already volatile at 1000 °C) and condenses in the delivery tube.
Zana zinazohitajika:
Mrija wa kwatzi iliyoyeyushwa
Tanuru la uingizaji
Tanuru la upinzani la ombwe
Pampu ya utupuKalibu ya tantali3
3
Melt the europium down
Melt the europium down
Let purified argon into the system so the metal stops distilling. Lower the induction coil to melt the europium down out of the delivery tube into the tantalum crucible below. Keep it away from air and water.
Zana zinazohitajika:
ArgoniTanuru la uingizajiKalibu ya tantaliVifaa
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