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Ferrite Toroid Core: Wet-Process Copper-Zinc Ferrite with a Stepped Anneal Down to 310 °C (Snoek 1948)
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Charlie

28. Oktoba 2026DE
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Ferrite Toroid Core: Wet-Process Copper-Zinc Ferrite with a Stepped Anneal Down to 310 °C (Snoek 1948)

The wet-process copper-zinc ferrite ring of Snoek's Example II, given a long stepped anneal in oxygen after its 600 °C hold: 19 hours at 510 °C, 34 hours at 410 °C and 12 hours at 310 °C. The initial permeability fell from 500 to 410. Source: J. L. Snoek, US 2,452,529 (Philips, 1948), Example II, wet process. Picture: our diagram.
Juu
3 days

Maagizo

1

Dissolve the copper, zinc and iron salts

Make 1 litre of a purified solution of 0.2 mol copper sulphate, 0.3 mol zinc sulphate and 1 mol iron nitrate. Ours: 49.94 g copper sulphate pentahydrate; weigh the zinc sulphate and ferric nitrate for the hydrate you have.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Salfati ya shaba yenye maji matano (CuSO4·5H2O)Salfati ya shaba yenye maji matano (CuSO4·5H2O)49.94 g
Salfati ya zinkiSalfati ya zinki0.3 mol
Nitrati ya feriNitrati ya feri1 mol
Maji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvukeMaji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvuke1 l

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mizani ya mizani-mbiliMizani ya mizani-mbili
Bikari ya BorosilikatiBikari ya Borosilikati
Glavu za mpiraGlavu za mpira
2

Precipitate hot with 9 M caustic soda

Heat the solution and precipitate it with 0.5 litre of 9 molar caustic soda. Ours: 180 g sodium hydroxide in water to 0.5 litre. Strong alkali: goggles and gloves.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Hidroksidi ya Sodiamu — Daraja la MaabaraHidroksidi ya Sodiamu — Daraja la Maabara180 g

Zana zinazohitajika:

Bikari ya BorosilikatiBikari ya Borosilikati
Sahani ya Kupasha JotoSahani ya Kupasha Joto
Miwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikaliMiwani ya kinga dhidi ya kemikali
Glavu za mpiraGlavu za mpira
3

Wash, dry and pre-heat at 700 °C

Wash out the deposit, dry it, and pre-heat it at 700 °C so it moulds better.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Karatasi ya KuchujaKaratasi ya Kuchuja
Maji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvukeMaji yaliyosafishwa kwa mvuke
Tanuri la kukaushiaTanuri la kukaushia
Tanuru ya MrijaTanuru ya Mrija
Kikaango cha kuyeyushia chenye mfuniko (kaure)Kikaango cha kuyeyushia chenye mfuniko (kaure)
Glavu Zinazostahimili JotoGlavu Zinazostahimili Joto
4

Mould a ring at 4 tons per cm²

Mould the powder at 4 tons per square centimetre into a ring 3 cm across with a 4 × 4 mm section.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Mashine ya kubana ya haidrolikiMashine ya kubana ya haidroliki
Kalibu ya kubonyeza peteKalibu ya kubonyeza pete
Barakoa ya vumbiBarakoa ya vumbi
5

Heat 3 hours at 900 °C, cool to 600 °C, hold 30 hours

Heat the ring for about 3 hours at 900 °C, cool it to 600 °C at 5 °C per minute, hold it there for 30 hours and let it cool to room temperature, all in a current of oxygen. Snoek's core: initial permeability 500.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru ya MrijaTanuru ya Mrija
OksijeniOksijeni
Mtungi wa gesi yenye shinikizoMtungi wa gesi yenye shinikizo
Kipima joto kaliKipima joto kali
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
Glavu Zinazostahimili JotoGlavu Zinazostahimili Joto
6

Anneal 19 h at 510 °C, 34 h at 410 °C, 12 h at 310 °C

After the 600 °C hold, keep the core for another 19 hours at 510 °C, 34 hours at 410 °C and 12 hours at 310 °C, all in oxygen. Snoek's core: initial permeability 410.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Tanuru ya MrijaTanuru ya Mrija
OksijeniOksijeni
Mtungi wa gesi yenye shinikizoMtungi wa gesi yenye shinikizo
Kipima joto kaliKipima joto kali
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
Glavu Zinazostahimili JotoGlavu Zinazostahimili Joto

Vifaa

5

Zana Zinazohitajika

18

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Ferrite Toroid Core: Copper-Zinc Ferrite by the Wet Process, Precipitated with Caustic Soda (Snoek 1948)

Ferrite Toroid Core: Copper-Zinc Ferrite by the Wet Process, Precipitated with Caustic Soda (Snoek 1948)

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