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Sliding-Head Churn Drive: The Churn Rides on the Pulley Head and Stays in Line When the Belt Is Slacked
J. Forsyth (USPTO drawing) · Public domain
Martin

Imeundwa na

Martin

9. Novemba 2026NO
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Sliding-Head Churn Drive: The Churn Rides on the Pulley Head and Stays in Line When the Belt Is Slacked

Joseph Forsyth of Wheeling, Virginia, received US 22,022, dated 9 November 1858, for working a churn by power from a big belt wheel. The pulley head slides along a guide block to tighten or slack the belt, which starts or stops the churn. The churn stands on a carriage fixed to the head, so its shaft stays in line with the pulley's. A platform on four screws raises or lowers different churns to the pulley's height. This rung builds it full size with a hand-cranked wheel and a rope belt.
Kati
About 2 days

Maagizo

1

Speed, rope and slack

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

Churns worked by power, before it

Brush worked a dasher from a dog's tread-wheel. Forsyth turns a crank churn by a belt and stops it by slacking the belt.
3

Read US 22,022

"The nature of my invention consists, first, in combining the carriage D with the movable pulley head H H in such a manner that the said carriage will move with the head when it is required to stop or start the motion of the churn, thereby enabling me to keep the shafts of the pulley, and churn in line."
4

Wheel A and posts B

Cut a plywood disc 1160 mm across and two discs 1200 mm across from 18 mm plywood. Glue and screw a larger disc to each face of the smaller one: the gap between them is the rope groove C. Screw a 160 mm hub block on each side. Stand two 70 mm posts 730 mm tall on 900 mm sills, 150 mm apart, each with two braces. Bolt a flange bearing on each post's outer face, 700 mm up, and run a 30 mm shaft M through bearings, posts and wheel, cross-bolted to the hub.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika3 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 1Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 160 vipande
Mbao laini za 70x70 mmMbao laini za 70x70 mm4 vipande
Parafujo ya mbao #10 x 3"Parafujo ya mbao #10 x 3"24 vipande
Beringi ya flenjiBeringi ya flenji2 vipande
Mhimili wa chuma wa mm 30Mhimili wa chuma wa mm 301 kipande
Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M10Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M105 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
VibanoVibano
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
Rulani ya MajiRulani ya Maji
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
5

Crank

How the wheel is turned is not given; ours has a crank. Bolt a hardwood arm 350 x 70 x 30 mm on shaft M outside one bearing and glue a 30 mm dowel 150 mm long into it 280 mm from the shaft as the handle.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M10Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M101 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
6

Guide block and pulley head

Screw a 900 mm guide block U of 70 mm timber to the floor in line with the wheel, 1300 mm from shaft M. Lay a 400 mm head block on it. Cut two frames H from 50 x 8 mm flat bar, 420 mm long, and bolt them to the head block's sides so their ends run down the guide block's sides. Bolt a flange bearing on each frame's outer face 400 mm up. Make the pulley O like the wheel: a 200 mm disc between two 240 mm rings. Fit it on a 30 mm shaft through the bearings.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Mbao laini za 70x70 mmMbao laini za 70x70 mm2 vipande
Parafujo ya mbao #10 x 3"Parafujo ya mbao #10 x 3"8 vipande
Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini2 vipande
Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M10Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M104 vipande
Beringi ya flenjiBeringi ya flenji2 vipande
Mhimili wa chuma wa mm 30Mhimili wa chuma wa mm 301 kipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 1Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 112 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
7

Strap F and thumb screw E

Bend a 30 x 5 mm flat bar into a bridge over the head block, 80 mm from the frames, and screw its legs to the guide block's sides. Drill its top for an M8 rod, run a nut onto the rod under the strap, and lock a wing nut on top as the thumb screw. Turn it down to clamp the head block.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini1 kipande
Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 1Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 14 vipande
Fimbo yenye nyuziFimbo yenye nyuzi1 kipande
Nati ya pembe sitaNati ya pembe sita2 vipande
Nati ya mabawaNati ya mabawa1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
8

Carriage D and platform K

Bolt two 70 mm side bars, 865 mm long, to the head block's side, 330 mm apart, and join their far ends with a cross tie with a caster under its middle as the roller. Drill each bar twice for M12 rods (screws I), 360 mm apart; fix each rod with a nut above and below the bar. Run a nut down each rod, lay an 18 mm plywood platform 430 x 440 mm on them, and lock it with a second nut on top.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Mbao laini za 70x70 mmMbao laini za 70x70 mm2 vipande
Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M10Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M104 vipande
Seti ya magurudumu ya kuzungushaSeti ya magurudumu ya kuzungusha1 kipande
Fimbo yenye nyuziFimbo yenye nyuzi4 vipande
Nati ya pembe sitaNati ya pembe sita16 vipande
Washa bapaWasha bapa8 vipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
Rulani ya MajiRulani ya Maji
9

Arm X and the rope belt

Bolt a 140 mm flat-bar arm X with a 20 mm slot to a collar on the pulley shaft's end. Stand a crank churn on the platform and raise or lower the platform's nuts until its crank shaft is level with the pulley shaft and its handle V sits in the slot. Splice 12 mm cotton rope into a loop about 5 m long round both grooves (see the notebook), with the head slid towards the wheel.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini1 kipande
Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M10Seti ya bolti za pembe sita M101 kipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni1 kipande
Kamba nene ya pambaKamba nene ya pamba6 m

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
10

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build: the wheel on its posts with the crank, the guide block, pulley head, strap and thumb screw, the carriage with its caster, platform K on its four screws, a stand-in churn and arm X. The rope is not drawn.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
11

Churn

Pour about 10 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C into the churn. Slide the head away from the wheel until the rope is tight and clamp it with the thumb screw. Turn the wheel steadily, about 10 times a minute, and time it. To stop, loosen the thumb screw and slide the head towards the wheel: the carriage and churn move with it. When the butter comes, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito10 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Chombo cha kusukia siagiChombo cha kusukia siagi
Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
12

Troubleshooting

Churn drive troubleshooting.

Flow

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13

History and honest limits

**Joseph Forsyth** of Wheeling, Ohio County, Virginia (now West Virginia), US 22,022, 9 November 1858, "Operating Churns". He claimed the carriage D combined with the movable platform K. He gave no sizes, named only the "metallic" frames H, and did not say what turns wheel A or what the belt is: our hand crank, plywood wheel and pulley, cotton rope, timber, bearings, rods and caster are ours.

Vifaa

21

Zana Zinazohitajika

18

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