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Rack-and-Pinion Opposed-Dasher Churn: Two Rows of Hanging Dashers Move Opposite Ways Through Slots in the Lid
Nelson Gabel · Public domain
Buttercup

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Buttercup

12. Novemba 2026IE
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Rack-and-Pinion Opposed-Dasher Churn: Two Rows of Hanging Dashers Move Opposite Ways Through Slots in the Lid

Nelson Gabel of Gratis, Ohio, received US 33,080, dated 20 August 1861, for a box churn worked by racks and a pinion. Two slides lie on the lid over two slots, each carrying three dashers that hang down into the cream. A rack on each slide meshes a pinion between them, so when a lever on a standard pushes one slide to and fro, the other moves the opposite way. The currents meet and break against each other and the box's ends. The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours.
Kati
About 3 days

Maagizo

1

Two rows passing each other

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

A frame slid to and fro on the lid, a year and a half before

Morgan's sliding frame spins beaters by a cord. Gabel's two slides carry the dashers themselves, and a pinion makes them move against each other.
3

Read US 33,080

"Thus it will be observed that when milk is put into the box and the lever (a) worked to and fro the agitation of the milk will be very great. As the currents each way will be broken and dashed in opposite directions the globules will thus be crushed both by sudden concussion against the side of the box and the violent reverse action of the currents."
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Box A on legs, top B with two slots

Glue up a hardwood box A 600 x 300 mm inside and 300 deep from 20 mm boards, the joints sealed with silicone sealant, and screw four hardwood legs 40 x 60 mm, 220 long below it. Cut a 20 mm HDPE or hardwood top B to fit over the mouth, with two slots 30 mm wide and 500 long, 33 mm either side of the centre line, and a 12.6 mm hole at the centre for the shaft C.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu4 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Kizibo cha SilikoniKizibo cha Silikoni1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao30 vipande
Bamba la HDPEBamba la HDPE1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
Mashine ya kuchonga pembeMashine ya kuchonga pembe
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Kibano cha upauKibano cha upau
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
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Print the racks b (two)

A rack: 416 mm long, module 2.5, 20 mm thick. Print two, in halves if the bed is short. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
6

Print the pinion a

The pinion: 16 teeth, module 2.5, 20 mm thick, 12.2 mm bore. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
7

Slides h, racks b, dashers k

Cut two hardwood slides h 560 x 50 x 25 mm and screw a rack b along the inner edge of each, teeth inward. Cut six 12 mm HDPE dashers 115 mm wide and 210 long; drill four 25 mm holes in four of them, the end ones. Screw each to a hardwood stem 20 x 20 mm, 90 long, and fix three stems under each slide, at its middle and 180 mm either side, to hang through the slot with the dashers 40 mm off the floor. Lay the slides on the top over the slots, racks facing.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande
Bamba la HDPEBamba la HDPE1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao20 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Seti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboaSeti ya vichwa bapa vya kutoboa
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
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Shaft C, pinion a and strap D

Cut a 12 mm stainless shaft C 90 mm long, stand it in the top's centre hole and pin the pinion a on it meshing both racks. Bend a mild steel flat bar strap D over the pinion and the slides, bore it 12.6 mm over the shaft's top, and screw its feet to the top beyond the slides.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Fimbo ya chuma cha puaFimbo ya chuma cha pua1 kipande
Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande
Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao4 vipande
Pini iliyopasuliwaPini iliyopasuliwa1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
9

Lever d, standard m and lever f

Bolt a mild steel flat bar lever d, 470 mm long, to the outer slide with a spacer block, reaching past the box's end. Make a standard m of two hardwood posts 30 x 20 mm joined at the foot, standing beside the box's end and reaching 260 mm above the top, with a 10 mm bolt across their tops. Hang a flat bar lever f between them on the bolt, its lower end slotted over a bolt through the end of d and its upper end a handle.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Pau Bapa la Chuma LainiPau Bapa la Chuma Laini2 vipande
Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu1 kipande
Mkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sitaMkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sita3 vipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni3 vipande
Washa bapaWasha bapa6 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao6 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa chumaMsumeno wa chuma
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
Kibano cha meza ya kaziKibano cha meza ya kazi
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
Msumeno wa mezaMsumeno wa meza
10

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the box's front wall cut away: the two rows of hanging dashers (the end ones holed), the slides on the top with their racks and the pinion under its strap, and the levers d and f on the standard.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
11

Churn

Lift the top off with the slides and dashers, pour about 20 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, into the box, and set the top back. Work the lever f to and fro through its full swing, timing it. When the butter comes, lift the top and dashers out, take out the butter, pour the buttermilk into a bowl, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito20 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
12

Troubleshooting

Rack-and-pinion churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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13

History and honest limits

**Nelson Gabel** of Gratis, Preble County, Ohio, US 33,080, 20 August 1861, "Churn". He claimed "the employment and arrangement of fixed pinion (a), double reciprocating racks (b b) and slides (h h)". His text calls the hand lever both (a) and (f). He gives the dashers only as drawn, three to a slide with holes in the end ones; ours are plain boards. The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours.

Vifaa

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Zana Zinazohitajika

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Faili za muundo

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

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