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Germanium: Germanium Dioxide Reduced with Carbon at Full Red Heat, Fused under Borax (Roscoe 1913)
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1. Novemba 2026DE
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Germanium: Germanium Dioxide Reduced with Carbon at Full Red Heat, Fused under Borax (Roscoe 1913)

Carbon takes the oxygen from germanium dioxide at a full red heat. Washing removes the leftover carbon and a little borax melts the regulus clean. Result: greyish-white, brittle, lustrous germanium (sp. gr. 5.47, melts about 960 °C), often in octahedra. Source: Roscoe and Schorlemmer, A Treatise on Chemistry vol. 2 (1913), p. 838. Not given: amounts and vessel. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Kati
1 day

Maagizo

1

Reduce with carbon at full red heat

Heat germanium dioxide with carbon to a full red heat. Ours: powdered charcoal in a clay crucible.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Dioksidi ya jemaniamuDioksidi ya jemaniamu1 as required

Zana zinazohitajika:

MkaaMkaa
Kinu na mchi wa jiweKinu na mchi wa jiwe
Kaure ya Udongo Mgumu wa MotoKaure ya Udongo Mgumu wa Moto
Tanuru ya kalibuTanuru ya kalibu
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia
2

Wash out the carbon

Wash the semi-crystalline regulus with water to remove the carbon.

Zana zinazohitajika:

MajiMaji
Bikari ya kiooBikari ya kioo
3

Fuse with a little borax

Fuse the metal with a little borax.

Zana zinazohitajika:

Poda ya boraksiPoda ya boraksi
Kaure ya Udongo Mgumu wa MotoKaure ya Udongo Mgumu wa Moto
Tanuru ya kalibuTanuru ya kalibu
Koleo la kaure ya kuyeyushiaKoleo la kaure ya kuyeyushia

Vifaa

1

Zana Zinazohitajika

8

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Germanium Dioxide: Argyrodite Fused with Nitre and Potash, Purified through Potassium Germanofluoride (Winkler, Roscoe 1913)
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Germanium Dioxide: Argyrodite Fused with Nitre and Potash, Purified through Potassium Germanofluoride (Winkler, Roscoe 1913)

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